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bacteria

Vocabulary

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Environmental Science Vocabulary ? Living Things in the Environment & Populations organism - a living thing habitat - an environment that provides the things an organism needs to live. biotic factor - a living part of an organism?s habitat. i.e. grass, plants, seeds, fruit, worms, bacteria, other animals abiotic factor - a non-living part of an organisms habitat. i.e. water, sunlight, oxygen, temperature, soil photosynthesis - the process in which plants use water along with sunlight and carbon dioxide to make their own food. species - a group of organisms that are physically similar and can produce offspring. population - all the members of one species in a particular area. The ?count? of one species in an area.

Campbell Biology Chapter 27

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Chapter 27- Bacteria and Archaea Prokaryotes live everywhere and are microscopic Concept 27.1: Structural and functional adaptations contribute to prokaryotic success Earth's first organisms were likely prokaryotes Most unicellular, although some form colonies Between .5-5 micrometers, much smaller than eukaryotic cells(10-100 micrometers) Many shapes Spheres (cocci) Rods (bacilli) Spirals Figure 27.2 Prokaryotic cell has a cell wall, which maintains cell shape, protects the cell, and prevents it from bursting in a hypotonic environment (Eukaryotes have a cell wall made of cellulose or chitin) Capsule- polysaccharide or protein layer that covers prokaryotes

Chapter 1 PPT (7TH EDITION)

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Inquiring About the World of Life Biology is the science of life Traditionally divided into three divisions: - Botany - Zoology (NOT Zoo-ology!) - Microbiology 3 Modern Biology Many diverse subdivisions, such as: - Wildlife Biology - Cellular Biology - Anatomy & Physiology - Ecology - Genetics - Evolutionary Biology - Molecular Biology - Developmental Biology - Immunology - Behavioral Ecology - Marine Biology 4 - asking questions and seeking science-based answers The central activity of biology: scientific inquiry Biologists ask questions such as: how a single cell develops into an organism - how the human mind works - how living things interact in communities Biology is therefore a quest ? an ongoing inquiry about the nature of life

Biology 10/12 Notes

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Photosynthesis Plants use sun to make glucose Photosynthesisers are base of food chain Too much algae? You got problems Need water Sunlight Nutrients Fertilizer runs into water, increases nutrients, too much algae Too much fish food/waste also does this Dead zone - an area in ocean or lace with scant or little oxygen Increased nutrients Increased algae growth Increased O2 from algae photosynthesis during day At night, respiration decreases O2 Uses up nutrients and die Decomposing bacteria consume/decompose algae Bacteria then blooms Oxygen is decreased even further Anoxic conditions - marine life cannot be supported Organic must have carbon AND hydrogen Chloroplasts - organelles consisting of photosynthetic pigments, enzymes, and other molecules grouped together in membranes

Origin of the Cell

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Prokaryotes- An organism of the kingdom Monera (or Prokaryotae), comprising the bacteria and cyanobacteria; characterized by the absence of a distinct, membrane-bound nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, and by DNA that is not organized into chromosomes. Spontaneous generation- mistaken idea that life can arise from nonliving materials Biogenesis- Idea that living organisms come only from other living organisms. Protocell- Large, ordered structure, enclosed by a membrane, that carries out some life activities, such as growth and division. Archaebacteria- Chemosynthetic prokaryotes that live in harsh environments, such as deep-sea vents and hot springs The Origin of Life Origins: The Early Ideas Spontaneous generation The idea that nonliving material can produce life

Campbell Bio 8Ed Ch1 Notes Outline

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Chapter 1 Inquiring About the World of Life: Evolution: fundamental organizing principle of bio Biology: scientific study of life Answer questions about our everyday lives Evolution is core of bio New properties exist at each level of biology Emergent properties: arise at each level that do not exist at the preceding level Systems Biology: goal is to model the dynamic behavior of bio systems Organisms interact with environment Structure and Function Correlate at all levels Cells are basic units of structure and function Eukaryotic cell: subdivided into internal membranes Prokaryotic cell: simpler and smaller than eukaryotic cell Life based on information in form of DNA Genes: units that transmit inheritance info Genome: ?library of genetic instructions an organism inherits?

An analysis of Bacterial samples and herb preparation methodology

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An Analysis of Bacterial DNA Extracted from Water near Farms Previous research has suggested that pharmaceutical levels on farms have increased over time. Due to this, the pharmaceuticals can pollute the soil and water in the area surrounding the farm. Other research has showed that many pathogens have re-emerged on many farms. A gap exists in the literature, however, as to how these pathogens have re-emerged. The purpose of this study is to compare the bacteria found in various water sources on farms to the ?common? form of the bacteria. This could possibly allow new medication and vaccines to be formed quicker based on the strains found on various farms. Procedures: Collect bacterial samples from various sources Runoff Rivers Manure Troughs Culture the bacteria on agar

Cell Components

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Components of Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells Cell Component Main Functions Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Bacteria, Archaea Protists Fungi Plants Animals Cell Wall Protection, structural support # # X X ---- Plasma Membrane Control of substances moving into & out of cell X X X X X Nucleus Physical separation of DNA of cytoplasm ----! X X X X DNA Encodes hereditary info X X X X X Nucleolus Assembly of ribosome subunits ---- X X X X Ribosome Protein synthesis X X X X X Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Synthesis, modification of membrane proteins, lipid synthesis ---- X X X X Golgi Body Final modification of membrane proteins; sorting, packaging lipids & proteins into vesicles ---- X X X X

Viruses, Prokaryotes, Protists, and Fungus Study Guide

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Viruses, Prokaryotes, Protists, and Fungus Study Guide Discovery of Viruses : ? While studying the tobacco mosaic disease that affects tobacco plants, scientist Dmitri Ivanovsky passed extracts of diseased tobacco leaves through filter pores small enough to strain out bacteria ( which was thought of as being pathogens) ? After realizing that the strained substance (thought to be disease free) could STILL pass on the disease, it lead him to believe that the pathogen was NOT bacteria?but what was it? Structure of Viruses : ? Basic viral structure includes genetic material (either DNA or RNA ? not both) surrounded by a protein called capsid. ? In some viruses, the capsid is surrounded by a lipid envelope that surface from which

Chapter 1 Introduction to Biology Lecture

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Introduction: Exploring Life Chapter 1 Definition of Biology The study of life Characteristics of Living Organisms Living organisms are organized. Atom: the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element Molecule: two or more chemically bound elements Characteristics of Living Organisms Living organisms are organized Cell: the basic living unit of structure and function Eukaryotic cell Possesses a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles Ex. protists, fungi, plants, and animals Prokaryotic cell Does not possess a membrane-bound nucleus or membrane-bound organelles Ex. bacteria Characteristics of Living Organisms Living organisms are organized Tissue: a collection of like cells

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