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Ecology

Chapter 50 Lecture

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Chapter 50 Lecture Intro to Ecology CHAPTER 50 AN INTRODUCTION TO ECOLOGY AND THE BIOSPERE Copyright ? 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Section A: The Scope of Ecology 1. The interaction between organisms and their environments determine the distribution and abundance of organisms 2. Ecology and evolutionary biology are closely related sciences 3. Ecological research ranges from the adaptations of individual organisms to the dynamics of the biosphere 4. Ecology provides a scientific context for evaluating environmental issues Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. Introduction Copyright ? 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Chapter 24 The Origin of Species
Lecture Outline

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Chapter 24 The Origin of Species Lecture Outline Overview: That ?Mystery of Mysteries? Darwin visited the Gal?pagos Islands and found them filled with plants and animals that lived nowhere else in the world. He realized that he was observing newly emerged species on these young islands. Speciation?the origin of new species?is at the focal point of evolutionary theory because the appearance of new species is the source of biological diversity. Microevolution is the study of adaptive change in a population. Macroevolution addresses evolutionary changes above the species level. It deals with questions such as the appearance of evolutionary novelties (e.g., feathers and flight in birds) that can be used to define higher taxa.

Wildlife, Fisheries, and Endangered Species

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Michael Jones The management and conservation of wildlife, whatever its status (abundant, threatened, endangered, or overabundant), are best viewed in terms of a whole, because species can change in status. Modern approaches to management and conservation of wildlife use a broad perspective that includes interactions among species and an ecosystem and landscape context.

Chapter 5

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Environmental Science
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Summary 1. Two major factors affect the number of species in a community: the latitude in terrestrial communities and pollution in aquatic systems. 2. Species play different roles in a community. Native species sustain the ecosystem in which they are a part. Some nonnative species will crowd out native species. Indicator species alert us to harmful changes in the community. Keystone species play ecological roles in the specific community: they may assist in pollination help regulate populations. Foundation species affect the community’s habitat to benefit other species. 3. Species interact with each other in these different ways: interspecific competition, predation, parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism.

Evolution and Ecology Notes

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? Tuesday, June 07, 2011 8:43 PM ? Lecture 1 ? Hierarchy Biosphere ? Ecosystem ? Communities ? Populations ? Organisms ? Organismal Ecology Sub-disciplines of physiological, evolutionary, and behavioral ecology Concerned with how organisms?s structure physiology and behavior meet challenges posed by environment. Population Ecology Population: group of individuals of same species living in area Analyzes factors that affect population size and how/why it changes through time Community Ecology Community: group of populations of different species in area Examines how interactions between species (predation/competition) affect community structure and organization Ecosystem Ecology Ecosystem: community of organisms in area and physical factors with which those organisms interact

Aquaculture Issues

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Environmental Science
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Aquaculture issues • escaping of aquatic crops as an invasive species • the relationship between effluents, eutrophication or pollution of water bodies, and changes in the fauna of receiving waters • land use, in particular conversion of sensitive areas such as mangroves and wetlands • water use and water loss from surface water systems • overexploitation of stock over other resource uses, such as fish oil • predator control, such as the killing of birds near aquaculture facilities • genetic alteration of existing stocks from escaped hatchery products • antibiotic and hormone use, which may influence aquatics species near aquaculture facilities b) EPA’s aquaculture threat list Exotic Species Human Bias Habitat Loss and Degradation Overexploitation Aquaculture Pollution

Wildlife & Habitat Laws - Ecology Unit

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APES Laws - Wildlife & Habitat

APES LH Lott Wildlife Laws & Treaties Note: All of these acts and laws have a significant number of amendments. The given date for each act and law is for its inception date. SPECIES LAWS & TREATIES Lacey Act 1900 Required restoration of birds & game to areas where they are extinct. Requires a federal permit to transport live or dead animals or their body parts across state borders Animal Damage Control Act 1931 Investigates & controls mammalian predators, rodents & birds. Amended 1991 to prevent introduction of brown tree snake Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) 1973

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