Notes for AP world history: Africa Before Islam
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Islam
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WHAP
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WHAP
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the earth and its peoples chapter 8
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World History 10.2 notes
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World History 10.2 Notes Muhammad?s Successors Spread Islam Muhammad had not named a successor or instructed his followers how to choose one. The Muslim community elected Abu-Bakr as the first caliph Rightly Guided Caliphs Abu-Bakr, Umar Uthman, and Ali were known as the rightly guided caliphs. Their rule was called a caliphate After M?s death tribes on Arabian Peninsula abandoned Islam, and others refused to pay taxes. A few individuals declared themselves prophets. Used military to keep people in order- this developed effective mobile army When AB died the Muslim state controlled all of Arabia Under Umar- conquered Syria and lower Egypt, and parts of Persian Empire Next 2 conquered further westward and eastward and gained the military support of the conquered lands
Spread of Islam Map
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Spread of Islam Map (622-750 C.E.)
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AP world history The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam
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Chapter 6
The First Global Civilization:
The Rise and Spread of Islam
I. Introduction
A. Before 7th century – contacts, but not total control of ancient world under one empire
1. Arabia – nomadic land on periphery of major civilizations
B. 7th century – followers of Islam “submission” – Muslims – Allah – one God
1. Began conquest and conversion
2. Within decades, Muhammad had empire of Persia, Greece and Egypt
C. Later empire spread
1. Merchants, mystics, warriors
2. Empire expanded
a. Africa, Asia, southern Europe
b. Across steppes to central Asia, western China, south Asia
c. Across ocean trade routes to southeast Asia and eastern Africa
d. Across overland trade routes, Sahara to western Africa
Helpful definitions of "The Sasanid Empire and the Rise of Islam"
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The Sassanid empire ant the rise of Islam helpful definitions
Shi'ites
Muslims belonging to the branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendant of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali. Shi'ism is the state religion of Iran. (See also Sunnis.) (pp. 225, 531)
Sunnis
Muslims belonging to branch of Islam believing that the community should select its own leadership. The majority religion in most Islamic countries. (See also Shi'ites.) (p. 225)
Sasanid Empire
Iranian empire, established ca. 226, with a capital in Ctesiphon, Mesopotamia. The Sasanid emperors established Zoroastrianism as the state religion. Islamic Arab armies overthrew the empire ca. 640. (p. 225)
Mecca
Rise of Islam Chapter 8
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Ch. 8: The Rise of Islam, 600-1200 The Origins of Islam The Rise and Fall of the Caliphate, 632-1258 Islamic Civilization Political -Umayyad Caliphate (661-750); Imam ? leader of the Muslim community; rule Arab empire, not Muslim empire -Umar (r. 634-644) ? army service with regular pay, windfalls of booty, residence in large military camps (Iraq?2, Egypt?1, Tunisia?1) -Umayyad ? adopt administrative practices of Sasanid and Byzantine predecessors; no coherent missionary efforts to spread Islam -Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258)? Khurasan; created a refined and cosmopolitan culture in Baghdad capital( ?golden age?) -Samanids, Fatamids, Spanish Umayyads, Buyids -Seljuk Turks -Saladin takes Jerusalem (1187); Crusades have little lasting impact on Islamic lands -Mongols
rise of islam (ch.8)
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The rise of Islam, 600-1200
• Muhammad = profit of god
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