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AP Stat Preliminary Terms

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Preliminary Terms
AP Statistics Preliminary Terms

Basic Statistics: Preliminary Review for Prospective AP Stat Students (Some/All Preliminary Terms from the textbook The Practice of Statistics Third Edition, some definitions may be mine, others are from the textbook or from Quizlet) Statistics ? the practice of collecting data, and drawing inferences and conclusions from it Data ? numbers with a context Exploratory Data Analysis ? using graphs and numerical summaries to describe variables in a data set and their relationship Probability ? the study of chance behavior Population ? the entire body of which a study wants to represent Sample ? part of the population, hopefully representative of it

AP Stat Tips

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Content-Specific Tips I. Exploring Data? When you analyze one-variable data, always discuss shape, center, and spread.? Look for patterns in the data, and then for deviations from those patterns.? (a) If distribution is skewed right, then mean is greater than median. (b) If distribution is skewed left, then mean is less than median. Mean > median is not sufficient to show that a distribution is skewed right. Mean < median is not sufficient to show that a distribution is skewed left.?Don't confuse?standard deviation and variance. Know how transformations of a data set affect summary statistics. (a) Adding (or subtracting) the same positive number?k,?to (from) each element in a data set increases (decreases) the mean and median by?k.?The standard deviation and IQR do not change.

AP Statistics review

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A jar contains black and white marbles. Two marbles are chosen without replacement. The probability of selecting a black marble and then a white marble is 0.34, and the probability of selecting a black marble on the first draw is 0.47. What is the probability of selecting a white marble on the second draw, given that the first marble drawn was black? Solution: P(White|Black) ??=?? P(Black and White) ??=?? 0.34 ??=?? 0.72 ??=?? 72% ?? P(black) The probability that it is Friday and that a student is absent is 0.03. Since there are 5 school days in a week, the probability that it is Friday is 0.2. What is the probability that a student is absent given that today is Friday? Solution:?? P(Absent|Friday) ??=?? P(Friday and Absent) ??=?? 0.03 ??=?? 0.15 ??=??

AP Statistics review

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A jar contains black and white marbles. Two marbles are chosen without replacement. The probability of selecting a black marble and then a white marble is 0.34, and the probability of selecting a black marble on the first draw is 0.47. What is the probability of selecting a white marble on the second draw, given that the first marble drawn was black? Solution: P(White|Black) ??=?? P(Black and White) ??=?? 0.34 ??=?? 0.72 ??=?? 72% ?? P(black) The probability that it is Friday and that a student is absent is 0.03. Since there are 5 school days in a week, the probability that it is Friday is 0.2. What is the probability that a student is absent given that today is Friday? Solution:?? P(Absent|Friday) ??=?? P(Friday and Absent) ??=?? 0.03 ??=?? 0.15 ??=??

Inference Tests

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GIVEN INFORMATION CONDITIONS H0 TEST STATISTIC CONFIDENCE INTERVAL 1- Proportion Z-Test assume SRS 10n < population H0: Use instead of for conditions 2- Proportion Z-Test assume SRS independent samples 10n1 < population 10n2 < population H0: Use , instead of pc for conditions GIVEN INFORMATION CONDITIONS H0 TEST STATISTIC Goodness of Fit Test Observed counts assume SRS all expected counts >1 no more than 20% of expected counts < 5 SHOW EXPECTED COUNTS H0: The sample distribution is the same as the population distribution df = (# proportions ? 1) Test of Independence 2-way table same conditions as GOF Expected Counts = H0: The two variables are independent or
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