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Valence bond theory

Principles of Chemistry Chapter 7

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Chapter 7: Chemical Bonding Section 7.3: The Covalent Bond Wednesday, October 1, 2014 1:55 PM Covalent bonds - attractive force resulting from the sharing of electrons between pairs of atoms ? Chemical Bonds and Energy ? Driving force between all bond formation is lowering overall energy (NOTE: attractive interactions lower potential energy) ? Typically in interactions between nonmetals! ? -point of minimum energy in a system = formation of covalent bond Bond energy - energy released when isolated atoms form a covalent bond Bond length - distance between the nuclei of bonded atoms ? Formation of a chemical bond always releases energy Bond strength is determined by the amount of energy released in the formation of that bond (more released energy means stronger bond) ?

Chapter 10

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Chemistry 1210: Introduction to General Chemistry Dr. Gina M. Florio 26 Nov. 2012 Jespersen, Hyslop, & Brady Chapter 10 Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure VSEPR Theory Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Model: 1. e- pairs repel each other 2. e- pairs position themselves in 3D to minimize repulsion Molecules have well defined shapes based on their electronic structure. Molecular Structure: Shapes of molecules The shapes of molecules are derived from 5 different geometric structures that are classified by number of electron domains contained around the central atom. Two types of electron domains: Bonding domains (e- pairs in bonds) Nonbonding domains (e- pairs associated with a single atom)

Bob Jones PPT Notes -- Chapter 7a

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Lewis structure

Bond Theories 1 Lewis Structures Tell us about bonds in a molecule Do not tell us about the shape of the molecule Valence Bond Theory Based on the quantum model Says that covalent bonds form when orbitals of different atoms overlap sigma (?) ? the ends of the orbitals overlap pi (?) ? the sides of the orbitals overlap Types When Orbitals Overlap Bonds: sigma bond Single Bond s sublevel 5 Chemistry textbook, p. 162 sigma bond Single Bond p sublevel 6 Chemistry textbook, p. 162 Which type of bond forms first between covalently bonded atoms? Sigma Pi Depends on the atom Question 7 sigma and pi bond Double Bond 8 Chemistry textbook, p. 162 sigma and 2 pi bonds Triple Bond 9 Chemistry textbook, p. 162 pi bond forms only after a sigma bond weaker than a sigma bond double bond

Chemistry The central science Summary Chapter 9

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Chapter 9- Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories 9.1 Molecular Shapes Lewis structures give atomic connectivity: they tell us which atoms are physically connected to which atoms. Whenever two atoms or ions are strongly attached to each other we say there is a chemical bond. Three general types of chemical bonds: ionic , covalent and metallic. We will encounter 11 basic molecular shapes: The shape of a molecule is determined by its bond angles. Bond angles The angles made by the lines joining the nuclei of the atoms in a molecule Consider CCl4: Experimentally we find all Cl?C?Cl bond angles are 109.5?. Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) model.
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