Cytoskeleton

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Cell Biology

Cytoskeleton

cell

Intracellular transport

Unit 2 Info Be aware of support structures in cytoskeleton Microtubules Act as transport feature as well Easily broken down and reformed Microfilaments: Circulation of cytoplasm Intermedia filaments support for cytoskeleton Any shape change involves cytoskeleton All three assist in the change in shape Water potential Depends on solute concentration and pressure Presence of solutes makes water potential lower Pressure can set the potential to zero evening everything out Hypotonic Hypertonic Cis receives the contents in the Golgi Trans transports the contents in the Golgi Rough ER has ribosomes so they construct proteins Smooth ER is making complex carbs and lipids Hormones are made of lipids

Campbell's Biology 9 Edition Chapter 6 Outline

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cell

Outline of cell biology

Ch. 6 AP Bio Lecture Date Notes Questions 9/29 Multicellular organisms, many cell types, specialized tasks Single cell, singular task done for survival Body is like ecosystem 80% cells are microbes that live in gut Signaling is essential for multicellular organisms Big Brain Theory ? Mutations made so many times that the cells could send signals in so many different ways White Blood Cells stick to walls of Arteries Tumble of surface while red blood cells move as fluids. White Blood Cells Like Velcro Signals change that, proteins that make them less sticky so that they can move to areas where there is damage or stickiness when not being used. Done so that signals are efficiently received. Microtubules contribute to the cytoskeleton

Pearson Ch 6 - A Tour of the Cell

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cell

Actin

Ch 6: A Tour of the Cell Concept 6.2: Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions The basic structural and functional unit of every organism is one of two types of cells: prokaryotic or eukaryotic Only organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea consist of prokaryotic cells Protists, fungi, animals, and plants all consist of eukaryotic cells Overview: The Fundamental Units of Life All organisms are made of cells The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can be alive Cell structure is correlated to cellular function All cells are related by their descent from earlier cells Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Basic features of all cells: Plasma membrane Semifluid substance called cytosol Chromosomes (carry genes)

Raven Biology Chapter 4 Notes

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Outline of cell biology

Eukaryote

Vacuole

Gavin Morgan 9/23/2015 Chapter 4 2-Point Notes Cell theory is the unifying foundation of cell biology: 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. 2. Cells are the smallest living things, and arise only by division of a previously existing cell. Cell size is limited: 1. As the size of a cell increases, the length of time for diffusion from the outside membrane to the interior of the cell increases as well. 2. Some cells, such as skeletal muscle cells, have more than on nucleus, allowing genetic information to be spread around a large cell. Microscopes allow visualization of cells and components:

Campbell9thEdChapter6Tour of the Cell

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cell

Outline of cell biology

Actin

mitochondrion

plant cell

Biological membrane

A Tour of the Cell Chapter 6 Overview: The Fundamental Units of Life All organisms are made of cells The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can be alive Cell structure is correlated to cellular function All cells are related by their descent from earlier cells ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 6.1 Concept 6.1: Biologists use microscopes and the tools of biochemistry to study cells Though usually too small to be seen by the unaided eye, cells can be complex ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Microscopy Scientists use microscopes to visualize cells too small to see with the naked eye In a light microscope (LM), visible light is passed through a specimen and then through glass lenses Lenses refract (bend) the light, so that the image is magnified

AP Bio Chp 6

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cell

Endomembrane system

Cytoskeleton

AP Biology Reading Guide Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. - 1 - Name_______________________Period___________ Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell Concept 6.1 To study cells, biologists use microscopes and the tools of biochemistry 1. The study of cells has been limited by their small size, and so they were not seen and described until 1665, when Robert Hooke first looked at dead cells from an oak tree. His contemporary, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, crafted lenses; and with the improvements in optical aids, a new world was opened. Magnification and resolving power limit what can be seen. Explain the difference.

Cell bio chapter 6

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Cell Biology

Endomembrane system

cell

Cells Use molecules to: Transform energy and matter Respond to the environment Reproduce themselves Lowest level that can perform all activities required for life Cell theory Cells are the fundamental units of life All organisms are composed of cells All cells are going to be derived from preexisting cells Are similar in chemical composition Concept 6.1 Microscopes and the Tools of Biochemistry are used to Study Cells Magnification: ratio of image size to real size Resolution: measure of clarity What is the minimum distance required to distinguish two points as separate Light microscopy View living cells Magnify 2000X Resolution: 200nm Electron microscopes View dead cells Magnify 2,000,000X Resolution 0.2 nm Scanning electron microscopy Surface of a specimen (3D)

The Cytoskeleton

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Cell Biology

Microtubule organizing center

Cytoskeleton

cell

Actin

The Cytoskeleton The cytoskeleton extends throughout the cytoplasm It organises cell structure and activities, anchoring many organelles in place It provides mechanical support, maintaining the cells shape: it?s domed in shape and stabilised by opposing forces It is also very dynamic, and can be dismantled and reassembled quickly, to change the shape of the cell Form The cytoskeleton is a network of fibres, the molecular structures include: Microtubules: the thickest of the fibres at 25nm (15nm lumen) Microfilaments: the thinnest of the fibres at 7nm Intermediate filaments: range in diameter from 8?12nm, larger than microfilaments but smaller than microtubules Roles

Campbell Biology Chapter 6 Outline

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Mica Piro Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell Biologists Use Microscopes and the Tools of Biochemistry to Study Cells (6.1) Microscopy Microscopes first used by Renaissance scientists are all light microscopes (LM) Visible light passed through the specimen and then through glass lenses Lenses refract/bend the light so the image of the specimen is magnified as it is projected into the eye or into a camera Magnification: ratio of an object?s image size to its real size LMs can magnify about 1,000 times the actual size Higher magnification = less detailed image Resolution: a measure of the clarity of the image?minimum distance 2 points can be separated and still be distinguished as separate points Contrast: the difference in brightness between the light and dark areas of an image

Basic Organelle Overview

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