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| 4007588094 | Betty Friedan | 1921-2006. American feminist, activist and writer. Best known for starting the "Second Wave" of feminism through the writing of her book "The Feminine Mystique". | 0 | |
| 4007588095 | Billy Graham | An Evangelist fundamentalism preacher who gained a wide following in the 1950s with his appearances across the country and overseas during and after the war. He would commonly appear at religious rallies and allowed people to connect with and appreciate religion even more, causing thousands to attend his sermons. His prominence was so large that in 1996, he was also awarded the Congressional Gold Medal. | 1 | |
| 4007588096 | Oral Roberts | This American Pentecostal televangelist was famous for his healing ministry and the university he founded in Tulsa. | 2 | |
| 4007588097 | Fulton J. Sheen | The Roman Catholic bishop that became a TV personality with his program, "Life is Worth Living" | 3 | |
| 4007589302 | Elvis Presley | United States rock singer whose many hit records and flamboyant style greatly influenced American popular music (1935-1977) | 4 | |
| 4007589303 | Marilyn Monroe | Female icon of the 1950s and 60s, she could sing, dance, act, and was the most infamous Playboy Bunny | 5 | |
| 4007589304 | David Riesman | Wrote "The Lonely Crowd", a sociological study of modern conformity, which postulates the existence of the "inner-directed" and "other-directed" personalities. He argues that the character of post WWII American society impels individuals to "other-directedness", the preeminent example being modern suburbia, where individuals seek their neighbors' approval and fear being outcast from their community. | 6 | |
| 4007589305 | John Kenneth Galbraith | An economist who attacked the prevailing notion that sustained economic growth would solve America's chronic social problems. Encouraged the wealthy to spend more for the common good. He wrote "The Affluent Society". | 7 | |
| 4007589306 | Dwight Eisenhower | President at the time of Brown v Board, Montgomery Bus Boycotts, and Central HS Crisis. Not openly in favor of Civil Rights. Didn't act until forced to by the Little Rock Crisis. He approved government funding to build interstate highway system | 8 | |
| 4007590734 | Adlai Stevenson | The Democratic candidate who ran against Eisenhower in 1952. His intellectual speeches earned him and his supporters the term "eggheads". Lost to Eisenhower. | 9 | |
| 4007590735 | Joseph McCarthy | 1950s; Wisconsin senator claimed to have list of communists in American gov't, but no credible evidence; took advantage of fears of communism post WWII to become incredibly influential; "McCarthyism" was the fearful accusation of any dissenters of being communists | 10 | |
| 4007590736 | Martin Luther King Jr. | U.S. Baptist minister and civil rights leader. A noted orator, he opposed discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass demonstrations. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. Nobel Peace Prize (1964) | 11 | |
| 4007591814 | Jackie Robinson | The first African American player in the major league of baseball. His actions helped to bring about other opportunities for African Americans. | 12 | |
| 4007592612 | Rosa Parks | United States civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery, Alabama. | 13 | |
| 4007592613 | Earl Warren | Chief Justice during the 1950's and 1960's who used a loose interpretation to expand rights for both African-Americans and those accused of crimes. | 14 | |
| 4007593666 | Oral Faubus | Governor of Arkansas, that ordered National Guard soldiers to block entrance of nine black students to Central High School | 15 | |
| 4007593667 | Richard Nixon | 1968 and 1972; Republican; Vietnam: advocated "Vietnamization" (replace US troops with Vietnamese), but also bombed Cambodia/Laos, created a "credibility gap," Paris Peace Accords ended direct US involvement; economy-took US off gold standard (currency valued by strength of economy); created the Environmental Protection Agency, was president during first moon landing; SALT I and new policy of detente between US and Soviet Union; Watergate scandal: became first and only president to resign | 16 | |
| 4007593668 | John Foster Dulles | As Secretary of State. he viewed the struggle against Communism as a classic conflict between good and evil. Believed in containment and the Eisenhower doctrine. | 17 | |
| 4007593669 | Ho Chi Minh | (1890-1969) Vietnamese leader who is responsible for ousting first the French, then the United States from his country. Supported by both communist China and the Soviet Union, he guided Vietnam through decades long warfare to emerge as a communist nation. | 18 | |
| 4007595384 | Ngo Dinh Diem | American ally in South Vietnam from 1954 to 1963; his repressive regime caused the Communist Viet Cong to thrive in the South and required increasing American military aid to stop a Communist takeover. he was killed in a coup in 1963. | 19 | |
| 4007595385 | Nikita Khrushchev | Russian politician who led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War and during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Also famous for denouncing Stalin and allowed criticism of Stalin within Russia. | 20 | |
| 4007595386 | Mohammed Reza Pahlevi | a Shah that was placed in Iran by the CIA in 1953 and he planned to westernize and secularize Iran. He was overthrown in January 1979 by Muslim Fundamentalists. When he was overthrown Iran was left in chaos and Iranian oil production was stopped which led to higher oil prices for Americans. | 21 | |
| 4007595387 | Gamal Abdel Nasser | Arab leader, set out to modernize Egypt and end western domination, nationalized the Suez canal, led two wars against Israel, remained a symbol of independence and pride, returned to socialism, nationalized banks and businesses, limited economic policies | 22 | |
| 4007596294 | Fidel Castro | Cuban revolutionary leader who overthrew the regime of the dictator Batista in 1959 and soon after established a Communist state | 23 | |
| 4007596295 | John F. Kennedy | 35th President of the United States; only president to have won a Pulitzer Prize; events during his administration include the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the building of the Berlin Wall, the Space Race, the African American Civil Rights Movement and early events of the Vietnam War; assassinated in Dallas, TX in 1963 | 24 | |
| 4007598086 | Norman Mailer | Chronicled the events from the Lincoln Memorial protests in his book "The Armies of the Night" | 25 | |
| 4007598087 | John Updike | The master of describing, exploring, and analyzing white, middle-class American life. His religious faith plays an important role in his character's lives and novel's structure, as does his relationships with his own family. After graduating Harvard and studying art in England he took a job as a staff writer for The New Yorker, and went on to devote his life to full-time writing. | 26 | |
| 4007598106 | Josephine Baker | African-American actress, singer, opera performer, first black women to star in major motion picture | 27 | |
| 4007598865 | Paul Robeson | African American concert singer whose passport was revoked and was blacklisted from the stage, screen, radio and television under the McCarran Act of the red scare of the 1950s due to his public criticism of American racist tendencies. | 28 | |
| 4007598866 | James Baldwin | African American who explored racial tensions and homosexuality in America. | 29 | |
| 4007599985 | Flannery O'Connor | An American writer and essayist. An important voice in American literature, she wrote two novels and 32 short stories, as well as a number of reviews and commentaries, wrote "A Good Man Is Hard to Find". | 30 | |
| 4007599986 | Saul Bellow | American Modernist/Naturalist; The Adventures of Augie March | 31 | |
| 4007600024 | Sylvia Plath | The Bell Jar (1963); Autobiographical Novel, witty American coming of age story | 32 | |
| 4007601672 | Ralph Ellison | The African American writer who explored the theme of social alienation in "Invisible Man" | 33 | |
| 4007601673 | "cult of domesticity" | idealized view of women & home; women, self-less caregiver for children, refuge for husbands | 34 | |
| 4007601674 | white collar | people of high social position | 35 | |
| 4007602548 | blue collar | member of the working class who performs manual labor and earns an hourly wage | 36 | |
| 4007602549 | McCarthyism | The term associated with Senator Joseph McCarthy who led the search for communists in America during the early 1950s through his leadership in the House Un-American Activities Committee. | 37 | |
| 4007602550 | sit-ins | protests by black college students, 1960-1961, who took seats at "whites only" lunch counters and refused to leave until served; in 1960 over 50,000 participated in these across the South. Their success prompted the formation of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee. | 38 | |
| 4007604495 | "massive retaliation" | The "new look" defense policy of the Eisenhower administration of the 1950's was to threaten "massive retaliation" with nuclear weapons in response to any act of aggression by a potential enemy. | 39 | |
| 4007604496 | "spirit of Camp David" | The idea of peaceful coexistence that the leaders of the Western Countries and the USSR held after leaving the Camp David peace talks. It had faded by 1960. | 40 | |
| 4007604497 | "Rocket fever" | After the USSR launched Sputnik into space in 1957, the race to put as many things in space as possible was on | 41 | |
| 4007605863 | The Feminine Mystique | written by Betty Friedan, journalist and mother of three children; described the problems of middle-class American women and the fact that women were being denied equality with men; said that women were kept from reaching their full human capacities | 42 | |
| 4007605864 | Playboy magazine | Started by Hugh Hefner in 1953, showed photos of nude/scantily clad women, challenged anti-sex attitudes | 43 | |
| 4007607596 | The Lonely Crowd | Book written by David Riesman that criticized the people of the 50s who no longer made decisions based on morals, ethics and values; they were allowing society to tell them what is right and wrong. | 44 | |
| 4007607597 | The Affluent Society | John Kenneth Galbraith's novel about America's post-war prosperity as a new phenomenon. Economy of scarcity --> economy of abundance. | 45 | |
| 4007607598 | "televangelists" | term used to describe ministers who would spread their messages via television networks | 46 | |
| 4007607599 | Checkers speech | A speech made by vice presidential candidate Richard Nixon in 1952 after he had been accused of improprieties regarding a fund established for him to reimburse him for his political expenses. In it, he said that he defended himself and said regardless of what everyone else thought, he would keep a dog that his kids had named checkers. It led to an outpouring of support for Nixon and it secured his place on the republican ticket for the 1952 election. | 47 | |
| 4007609833 | Army-McCarthy hearings | 1954 televised hearings on charges that Senator Joseph McCarthy was unfairly tarnishing the United States Army with charges of communist infiltration into the armed forces; hearings were the beginning of the end for McCarthy, whose bullying tactics were repeatedly demonstrated | 48 | |
| 4007609834 | Sweatt v. Painter | A black man was denied admittance to Texas Law School because of his race. Result: SC ruled that the school had to let him in because the separate facility for negroes was not even close to equal. - 14th A. | 49 | |
| 4007611092 | An American Dilemma | Gunnar Mydral published his landmark book, this exposed the scandalous contradictions between the American Creed, the allegiance to the values of "process, liberty, equality, and humanitarianism", and the nations shameful treatment of black citizens | 50 | |
| 4007612658 | Brown v. Board of Education | 1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated. | 51 | |
| 4007612659 | Montgomery bus boycott | In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal. | 52 | |
| 4007613955 | Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLS) | An organization founded by MLK Jr., to direct the crusade against segregation. Its weapon was passive resistance that stressed nonviolence and love, and its tactic direct, though peaceful, confrontation. | 53 | |
| 4007615540 | Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) | Involved in the American Civil Rights Movement formed by students whose purpose was coordinate a nonviolent attack on segregation and other forms of racism. | 54 | |
| 4007616363 | Interstate Highway Act | 1956 Eisenhower 20 yr plan to build 41,000 mi of highway, largest public works project in history | 55 | |
| 4007616364 | Dien Bien Phu | A town of northwest Vietnam near the Laos border. The French military base here fell to Vietminh troops on May 7, 1954, after a 56-day siege, leading to the end of France's involvement in Indochina. | 56 | |
| 4007616365 | Suez crisis | July 26, 1956, Nasser (leader of Egypt) nationalized the Suez Canal, Oct. 29, British, French and Israeli forces attacked Egypt. UN forced British to withdraw; made it clear Britain was no longer a world power | 57 | |
| 4007617200 | Eisenhower Doctrine | Policy of the US that it would defend the Middle East against attack by any Communist country | 58 | |
| 4007617207 | Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) | An economic organization consisting primarily of Arab nations that controls the price of oil and the amount of oil its members produce and sell to other nations. | 59 | |
| 4007619762 | Landrum-Griffith Act | When the United States was in desperate need of a labor reform, because many union leaders and big industries were involved in many scandals, Congress passed this act to prevent bullying tactics and make labor leaders keep accurate financial records. | 60 | |
| 4007620750 | U-2 Incident | The incident when an American spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union. The U.S. denied the true purpose of the plane at first, but was forced to when the U.S.S.R. produced the living pilot and the largely intact plane to validate their claim of being spied on aerially. The incident worsened East-West relations during the Cold War and was a great embarrassment for the United States. | 61 | |
| 4007620751 | Sputnik | First artificial Earth satellite, it was launched by Moscow in 1957 and sparked U.S. fears of Soviet dominance in technology and outer space. It led to the creation of NASA and the space race. | 62 | |
| 4007620752 | National Defense Education Act | The act that was passed in response to Sputnik; it provided an opportunity and stimulus for college education for many Americans. It allocated funds for upgrading funds in the sciences, foreign language, guidance services, and teaching innovation. | 63 | |
| 4007622279 | St. Lawrence seaway | Waterway to connect Great Lakes on the U.S./Canadian border to the Atlantic Ocean via the St. Lawrence River, it allowed better shipping and transportation, and improved international relations and trade. | 64 | |
| 4007622280 | Twenty second amendment | Passed in 1951, the amendment that limits presidents to two terms of office. | 65 |
