14. The Civil War

I. The Union Homefront
    A. Mobilization and Finance
        1. First conscription – can buy way out, Lincoln asks for more troops before Congress meets
        2. Increased tariffs, income tax, sold bonds, printed currency “greenbacks”
        3. War profiteers – industry/manufacturing make a lot of money – some corrupt
    B. Suspension of Civil Liberties/Ignoring the Constitution
        1. Lincoln thought better to save United States than follow Constitution
            A. Blockade, increased army, $2 million to 3 men for army purchases – none of this in Constitution
        2. Needs to keep border states
            A. Suspends habeus corpus – don’t tell why arrested
            B. “supervised” voting – colored ballots – march past armed guards
            C. Newspapers/editors influenced/pressured
    C. Election of 1864 – Republican Party becomes Union Party for a bit
        1. “bayonet vote” – some soldiers return to vote -  49 times/others vote on front
        2. Sherman captures Atlanta – gives boost to cause

II. Southern Homefront – President Jefferson Davis declared martial law – suspended habeus corpus
    A. Confederate Constitution – can’t have strong fed. gov’t when some states still want to threaten secession
    B. Mobilization and Finance – must have conscription – leads to class conflict – poor serve
        1. Tariffs hard to collect due to blockade – money made through bonds
        2. Prints a lot of money with no value – extreme inflation

III. Foreign Affairs/Diplomacy – must gain European support (South) keep Europe out (USA)
    A. Trent Affair – Union takes two diplomats off ship for Britain – looks bad
    B. Some Canadians working with South to bomb Northern cities
    C. Napoleon III takes opportunity to ignore Monroe Doctrine and take over Mexico

IV. Military strategy – Mississippi River, Capitals, Blockade “Anaconda”, Attrition, Wait

V. Ending Slavery – Confiscation Act – army seizes property of South – slaves
    A. Emancipation Proclamation – after Antietam – frees none – only in seceding states
    B. Freedmen’s Bureau – gov’t sponsored agency – goes South to educate blacks
    C. Thirteenth Amendment – frees slaves

VI. Major effects – slavery banned, secession issue finally ended, industry can now expand
    A. Industry/North decides future path of nation – no longer aristocracy/agrarian
    B. Role of Central Government expanded
        1. 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments – first amendments that don’t take power away
        2. Taxation – printing currency – National Banking System
        3. Standing army
        4. Freedmen’s Bureau – American sponsored welfare program – precedent
    C. Labor Saving Devices – change occupations – move to petroleum/coal jobs
        1. Labor moves West looking for jobs
    D. Women – took jobs of men – gov’t workers
        1. Fighting – spies, impersonating men
        2. Nurses – Clara Barton – starts Red Cross later
        3. Raised money for cause – soldiers – organized bazaars/fairs/made goods to sell