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Economic surplus

Krugman AP Macro Economics Chapter 8

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?? Chapter 8: Supply and Demand: Price Controls (Ceilings and Floors) Price controls: legal restrictions on how high or low a market price may go, government action in economy price ceiling: a maximum price sellers are allowed to charge for a good or service price floor: a minimum price buyers are required to pay for a good or service. Assumption: the markets in question are efficient before price controls are imposed price controls in inefficient markets don?t necessarily cause problems and can potentially move the market closer to efficiency Price Ceilings ? Push Prices down Price Ceiling: suppliers have less incentive to offer apartments less of a good are produced Consumer have higher demand shortage of good

Krugman AP MacroEconomics Chapter 7

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?? Chapter 7: Supply and Demand: Changes in Equilibrium ? substitutes: if the price of good1 rises, the demand for good2 will increase if the price of good1 falls, the demand for good2 will decrease An increase in demand leads to a rise in both the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity. A decrease in demand leads to a fall in both the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity. Increase in demand: rightward shift of the demand curve market is no longer in equilibrium shortage: quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied price rises increase in the quantity supplied upward movement along the supply curve new equilibrium When demand for a good or service increases, the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity of the

Krugman AP Macro Economics Chapter 6

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?? Chapter 6: Supply and Demand: Supply and Equilibrium ? quantity supplied actual amount of a good or service producers are willing to sell at some specific price the quantity that producers are willing to produce and sell depends on the price they are offered supply schedule shows how much of a good or service producers will supply at different prices works same as the demand schedule -,-l supply curve shows the relationship between quantity supplied and price law of supply says that, other things being equal, the price and quantity supplied of a good are positively related if price goes up, production of a good (quantity) goes up supply curves slope upward: the higher the price being offered, the more of any good or service producers are
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