Statistical hypothesis testing

Biology

Archaea

Small tree finch

Geospiza

Philosophy of science

Assumption

? 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture Presentations byNicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Chapter 1Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry 1 Concept 1.1: The study of life reveals unifying themes Biology is a subject of enormous scope There are five unifying themes Organization Information Energy and Matter Interactions Evolution ? 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 2 Theme: New Properties Emerge at Successive Levels of Biological Organization Life can be studied at different levels, from molecules to the entire living planet This enormous range can be divided into different levels of biological organization ? 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 3 Figure 1.3 1 The Biosphere 2 Ecosystems 6 Organs 7 Tissues 3 Communities 5 Organ- isms

Hypothesis Testing

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Null hypothesis

Null distribution

Statistical significance

Alternative hypothesis

Type I and type II errors

F-test

Test statistic

6-1 Section 6: Introduction to Hypothesis Testing To begin with, recall the ?Helper/Hinderer? study that we looked at on the first day of class: Case Study: Naughty or Nice? We all recognize the difference between naughty and nice, right? What about children less than a year old ? do they recognize the difference and show a preference for nice over naughty? In a study reported in the November 2007 issue of Nature, researchers investigated whether infants take into account an individual?s actions towards others in evaluating that individual as appealing or aversive, perhaps laying for the foundation for social interaction (Hamlin, Wynn, and Bloom, 2007). In one component of the study, 10-month-old

Ch 14.2 Chi square part 3 notes

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Probability and statistics

Normal distribution

Pearson's chi-squared test

Nonparametric statistics

Chi-squared test

Chi-squared distribution

Categorical variable

Z-test

Chi-Square Test of Indep. - for problems with 2 categorical variables measured across a single population Ex: How does the presence of an exclusive-territory clause in the contract of a business relate to its survival? A study collected data from a sample of 170 franchise firms. (Note: A firm?s contract may or may not contain the entrepreneur?s right to an exclusive territory. This means the new outlet will be the only representative of the franchise in a specified territory and won?t have to compete with other outlets of the same chain.)

ch 14.2 notes part 3 chi square

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Probability and statistics

Normal distribution

Pearson's chi-squared test

Nonparametric statistics

Chi-squared test

Chi-squared distribution

Categorical variable

Z-test

Chi-Square Test of Indep. - for problems with 2 categorical variables measured across a single population Ex: How does the presence of an exclusive-territory clause in the contract of a business relate to its survival? A study collected data from a sample of 170 franchise firms. (Note: A firm?s contract may or may not contain the entrepreneur?s right to an exclusive territory. This means the new outlet will be the only representative of the franchise in a specified territory and won?t have to compete with other outlets of the same chain.)

Biostatistic

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Nonparametric statistics

U-statistics

Wilcoxon signed-rank test

Biostats Notes Section 2: Error I and II: State of nature: 1% of population has a disease Type I error rate =0.05 (false positive rate) Type II error rate = 0.10 (detection rate = 0.90) If someone has a positive test, what is the probability of the person having the disease? What are consequences of Type I and II errors? Testing a drug for a potential benefit? Testing a drug for harmful side effects? Which error is more serious? 10/24 T-Test: One Sample T-Test: T-statistic: Null Hypothesis: ? = C The sample mean does not differ from the known population mean. Degrees of freedom: df=n-1 Independent samples / Two-sample T-Test: Null Hypothesis: ?1 = ?2 The means do not differ. Degrees of Freedom (df=n1+n2-2):

Chapter 11 Test written for Practice of Statistics (Yates, Starnes and Moore) 4th edition

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Hypothesis testing

Categorical data

Null hypothesis

Student's t-test

Goodness of fit

F-test

Honors Statistics: Chapter 11 Test name___________________ Multiple Choice 1. From experience, the owner of an ice-cream shop has found that 60% of all sales of ice-cream cones are for one-scoop cones, 30% are for two-scoop cones, and the remaining 10% are for three-scoop cones. Recently, the shop added frozen-yogurt cones to its menu. A random sample of 250 sales of frozen-yogurt cones revealed the following distribution: The owner wishes to know whether the pattern of sales for frozen-yogurt cones differs from that of ice-cream cones. In a goodness-of-fit test based on the ?2 distribution, the expected count for "number of two-scoop frozen-yogurt cone sales" would be A. 84. B. 75. C. 83.33.

Weiten 8e Chapter 2 Powerpoint

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Psychology

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Ethology

Philosophy of science

Theory

Powerpoint on Psychology Research Methods

Research

Technology

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Slide * Slide * Section 1 Looking for Laws: The Scientific Approach To Behavior Pages 40 to 45 Learning Objectives 1. Explain science's main assumption and describe the goals of the scientific enterprise. 2. Clarify the relations between theory, hypotheses, and research. 3. Outline the steps in a scientific investigation. 4. Identify the advantages of the scientific approach. Slide * Goals of the Scientific Enterprise Measurement and Description: develop techniques to measure observations clearly and precisely Understanding and prediction: make and test predictions?hypothesis Application and control: use this information to solve everyday problems Page* 40 Slide * The Scientific Method: Terminology

Environmental Sceince Voc.

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Environmental Science

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Behavior

Hypothesis testing

Evaluation methods

Environmental Science Voc. Mrs. Potts Conservationist- a person who limits there usage of resources for future generations Economist- a person who doesn?t care about protecting the environment and lives for today Preservationist- a person who chooses not to do anything to damage the environment Experiment - a recorded way to test a hypothesis Meniscus ? the bubble of fluids measured from the bottom of meniscus (eye level) Hypothesis ? educated guess Inference- to take data and create a hypothesis Analyze- to decipher out what data means Data- recorded information about experiment Pipette ? a tool used to take samples also used to measure fluids Conclusion ? end result from testing and analyzing Turbid ? dirty cloudy water EPA ? Environmental Protection Agency

Environmental Sceince Voc.

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Environmental Science

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Behavior

Hypothesis testing

Evaluation methods

Environmental Science Voc. Mrs. Potts Conservationist- a person who limits there usage of resources for future generations Economist- a person who doesn?t care about protecting the environment and lives for today Preservationist- a person who chooses not to do anything to damage the environment Experiment - a recorded way to test a hypothesis Meniscus ? the bubble of fluids measured from the bottom of meniscus (eye level) Hypothesis ? educated guess Inference- to take data and create a hypothesis Analyze- to decipher out what data means Data- recorded information about experiment Pipette ? a tool used to take samples also used to measure fluids Conclusion ? end result from testing and analyzing Turbid ? dirty cloudy water EPA ? Environmental Protection Agency

Test: Intro to science

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Biology

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Experiment