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| 377473659 | New Economic Policy (NEP) | Instituted by Lenin around 1923, this included the improvement of healthcare and schooling, the reduction of limitations on private enterprise, and farmers being allowed to sell 60% of their products privately. This was somewhat of a step back from communism, but it improved Russia's harvests from 1923-1927, and helped stability to return to the USSR. | 0 | |
| 377473660 | Joseph Stalin | Bolshevik revolutionary, head of the Soviet Communists after 1924, and dictator of the Soviet Union from 1928 to 1953. He led the Soviet Union with an iron fist, discarded Lenin's NEP and started using Five-Year Plans to increase industrial production and terror to crush opposition. | 1 | |
| 377473661 | Five Year Plans | Plans that Joseph Stalin introduced to industrialize the Soviet Union rapidly, beginning in 1928. They set goals for the output of steel, electricity, machinery, and most other products and were enforced by the police powers of the state. | 2 | |
| 377473662 | collectivization | System in which private farms were eliminated, instead, the government owned all the land while the peasants worked on it. | 3 | |
| 377473663 | USSR | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Created by Lenin in 1922. | 4 | |
| 377473664 | Great Depression | The economic crisis and period of low business activity in the U.S. and other countries (especially France and Germany), roughly beginning with the stock-market crash in October, 1929, and continuing through most of the 1930s. | 5 | |
| 377473665 | Franklin Roosevelt | The 32nd president of the United States. He was president from 1933 until his death in 1945 during both the Great Depression and World War II. He is the only president to have been elected 4 times, a feat no longer permissible due to the 22nd Amendment to the Constitution. | 6 | |
| 377473666 | fascism | The main idea of destroying the will of the individualin favor of "the people." Calls for a unified society but isn't concerned in eliminating private property and class distinctions, it was based in nationalism which often relied on racial identity. First found in Italy by Mussolini. | 7 | |
| 377473667 | Benito Mussolini | Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943). He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935), joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy. | 8 | |
| 377473668 | Blackshirts | Name adopted by Fascists in Italy. Armed band of young men who would brawl with the Communists. As Mussolini's Fascist movement increased, these became increasingly rough on opposition groups. | 9 | |
| 377473669 | Weimar Republic | Was the democratic government which ruled over Germany form 1919 to 1933. Was Germany's first democracy and it failed miserably. It had leaders such as Stresseman and Hindenburg. | 10 | |
| 377473670 | National Socialist Party (Nazis) | Party through which Hitler rose to power and assumed a totalitarian regime, believed in racial purity. | 11 | |
| 377473671 | Reichstag | Weimar Republic's elected body, it burned in 1933 and Hitler blamed it on the communist, this event led to Hitler becoming the absolute dictator in Germany. | 12 | |
| 377473672 | Adolf Hitler | This dictator was the leader of the Nazi Party. He believed that strong leadership was required to save Germanic society, which was at risk due to Jewish, socialist, democratic, and liberal forces. | 13 | |
| 377473673 | Third Reich | The Third German Empire, established by Adolf Hitler in the 1930s. | 14 | |
| 377473674 | appeasement | Policy by which Czechoslovakia, Great Britain and France agreed to Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland and more violations of the Treaty of Versailles in agreement for not taking any additional Czech territory and prevent war. | 15 | |
| 377473675 | Francisco Franco | Spanish General; organized the revolt in Morocco, which led to the Spanish Civil War. Leader of the Nationalists - right wing, supported by Hitler and Mussolini, won the Civil War after three years of fighting. He then established a dictatorship in 1939 and remained neutral during WWII. | 16 | |
| 377473676 | Rhineland | Region between Germany and France demilitarized by Treaty of Versailles; Hitler occupied and fortified the region, violating the treaty. | 17 | |
| 377473677 | Munich Conference of 1938 | During the Munich Conference of 1938, Britain and France met with Hitler, allowing him to take over Czechoslovakia as long as he agreed to expand no further. The agreement was seen as an assurance of peace. | 18 | |
| 377473678 | Neville Chamberlain | British Prime Minister prior to WWII who signed a peace treaty with Germany which promised "Peace in our time." Hitler did not honor the treaty, attacked Britain, and Winston Churchill replaced him. | 19 | |
| 377473679 | Nazi-Soviet Pact | (August 1939) Hitler and Joseph Stalin agreed not to attack each other but divided Poland for an easy win, but Germany didn't keep true to their word and attacked Stalin later. | 20 | |
| 377473680 | Manchukuo | Military takeover and colonization of Manchuria by the Japanese. Was not supported by the civilian government, which fell apart in response. Condemned by the newly formed League of Nations. | 21 | |
| 377473681 | Anti-Comintern Pact | In 1936 Japan signed this with Germany and it was later ratified by Italy. It was in opposition to Communism but actually proved to be the foundation for diplomatic alliance between these three powers. Each now had allies and pushed their demands for individual success. In 1938 Mussolini was willing to accept the German absorption of Austria which he had resisted in 1934. | 22 | |
| 377473682 | Rape of Nanjing | Japanese attack on Chinese capital from 1937-1938 when Japanese aggressorts slaughtered 100,000 civilians and raped thousands of women in order to gain control of China. | 23 | |
| 377473683 | blitzkrieg | German lightning warfare. Characterized by highly mobility and concentrated forces at point of attack. | 24 | |
| 377473684 | Winston Churchill | A noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War II and along with Roosevelt planned many allied campaigns. He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West. | 25 | |
| 377473685 | Battle of Britain | In response to Churchill's refusal to cut a deal with Germany,German air forces invaded Britain but the British Royal Air Force drove them out with the help of the new invention radar that let them know where the German planes were. | 26 | |
| 377473686 | Tripartite Pact | Signed between the Axis powers in 1940 (Italy, Germany and Japan) where they pledged to help the others in the event of an attack by the US. | 27 | |
| 377473687 | Pearl Harbor | United States military base on Hawaii that was bombed by Japan, bringing the United States into World War II. Pearl Harbor was attacked on December 7, 1941. | 28 | |
| 377473688 | Manhattan Project | Code name for the U.S. effort during World War II to produce the atomic bomb. Much of the early research was done in New York City by refugee physicists in the United States. | 29 | |
| 377473689 | D-day | June 6, 1944 - Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. The turning point of World War II. | 30 | |
| 377473690 | President Truman | President of the United States at the end of World War II. He signed the order, in 1945, to drop the atomic bombs on Japan. | 31 | |
| 377473691 | Hiroshima | City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, on August 6, 1945. The bombing hastened the end of World War II. | 32 | |
| 377473692 | Nagasaki | Japanese city in which the second atomic bomb was dropped (August 9, 1945). | 33 | |
| 377473693 | Marshall Plan | A 1947 plan that the US came up with to revive war-torn economies of Europe. This plan offered $13 billion in aid to western and Southern Europe. | 34 | |
| 377473694 | United Nations | International organization founded in 1945 to promote world peace and cooperation. It replaced the League of Nations. | 35 |
