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| 3898637543 | Cordell Hull | Congressman from Tennessee, he became the Secretary of State under FDR and served in that position longer than anyone in American history. He is often called the "Father of the United Nations." He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1945. | 0 | |
| 3898637544 | Joseph Stalin | Bolshevik revolutionary, head of the Soviet Communists after 1924, and dictator of the Soviet Union from 1928 to 1953. He led the Soviet Union with an iron fist, using Five-Year Plans to increase industrial production and terror to crush opposition | 1 | |
| 3898637545 | Benito Mussolini | Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943). He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935), joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy. | 2 | |
| 3898637546 | Adolf Hitler | Austrian-born founder of the German Nazi Party and chancellor of the Third Reich (1933-1945). His fascist philosophy, embodied in Mein Kampf (1925-1927), attracted widespread support, and after 1934 he ruled as an absolute dictator. Hitler's pursuit of aggressive nationalist policies resulted in the invasion of Poland (1939) and the subsequent outbreak of World War II. His regime was infamous for the extermination of millions of people, especially European Jews. He committed suicide when the collapse of the Third Reich was imminent (1945). | 3 | |
| 3898638145 | Josef Goebbels | a German politician and Minister for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda during the Nazi regime "the whole function of education is to create Nazis" | 4 | |
| 3898638146 | Francisco Franco | Spanish general whose armies took control of Spain in 1939 and who ruled as a dictator until his death (1892-1975). | 5 | |
| 3898638147 | Winston Churchill | A noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War II and along with Roosevelt planned many allied campaigns. He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West. | 6 | |
| 3898638148 | Charles Lindbergh | United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974) | 7 | |
| 3898638149 | Wendell Willkie | He led the opposition of utilities companies to competition from the federally funded Tennessee Valley Authority. His criticism of Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt led to his dark-horse victory at the 1940 Republican Party presidential convention. After a vigorous campaign, he won only 10 states but received more than 22 million popular votes, the largest number received by a Republican to that time. | 8 | |
| 3898638911 | totalitarianism | A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.) | 9 | |
| 3898638912 | fascism | A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition | 10 | |
| 3898638913 | isolationism | A policy of non-participation in international economic and political relations | 11 | |
| 3898638914 | appeasement | A policy of making concessions to an aggressor in the hopes of avoiding war. Associated with Neville Chamberlain's policy of making concessions to Adolf Hitler. | 12 | |
| 3898640265 | London Economic Conference | A sixty-nation economic conference organized to stabilize international currency rates. By Roosevelt revoking U.S. participation, there was a deeper world economic crisis. | 13 | |
| 3898640266 | Good Neighbor policy | FDR's foreign policy of promoting better relations w/Latin America by using economic influence rater than military force in the region | 14 | |
| 3898640267 | Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act | Activated the low tariff policies of New Dealers, aimed at both relief, recover, reversed the traditional high protective tariff | 15 | |
| 3898641395 | Nazi party | German political party joined by Adolf Hitler, emphasizing nationalism, racism, and war. When Hitler became chancellor of Germany in 1933, the Nazi Party became the only legal party and an instrument of Hitler's absolute rule. | 16 | |
| 3898642107 | Rome-Berlin axis | 1936; close cooperation between Italy and Germany, and soon Japan joined; resulted from Hitler; who had supported Ethiopia and Italy, he overcame Mussolini's lingering doubts about the Nazis. | 17 | |
| 3898642108 | invasion of Ethiopia | In 1935, Mussolini brutally attacked this place with bombers and tanks, while natives were left to defend their country with spears and outdated weapons. This all could have been avoided if the League of Nations had declared an oil embargo on Italy. | 18 | |
| 3898642109 | "merchants of death" | Liberal isolationists' term for companies which manufactured armaments. They felt that the companies were undermining national interests by assisting aggressor nations. | 19 | |
| 3898643015 | Neutrality Acts | Originally designed to avoid American involvement in World War II by preventing loans to those countries taking part in the conflict; they were later modified in 1939 to allow aid to Great Britain and other Allied nations. | 20 | |
| 3898643016 | Spanish Civil War | In 1936 a rebellion erupted in Spain after a coalition of Republicans, Socialists, and Communists was elected. General Francisco Franco led the rebellion. The revolt quickly became a civil war. The Soviet Union provided arms and advisers to the government forces while Germany and Italy sent tanks, airplanes, and soldiers to help Franco. | 21 | |
| 3898643017 | "China incident" | Japanese soldiers dressed as Chinese and attacked a Japanese crossing. This started a large war between the two countries. | 22 | |
| 3898643018 | "Quarantine Speech" | The speech was an act of condemnation of Japan's invasion of China in 1937 and called for Japan to be quarantined. FDR backed off the aggressive stance after criticism, but it showed that he was moving the country slowly out of isolationism. | 23 | |
| 3898644133 | the Holocaust | The mass murder of 6 million Jews and others in Nazi concentration camps. | 24 | |
| 3898644134 | Kristallnacht | "Night of Broken Glass" -the night of November 9, 1938, on which Nazi troopers attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues throughout Germany | 25 | |
| 3898644135 | Munich conference | 1938 conference at which European leaders attempted to appease Hitler by turning over the Sudetenland to him in exchange for promise that Germany would not expand Germany's territory any further. | 26 | |
| 3898645003 | Nazi-Soviet Pact | A secret agreement between the Germans and the Russians in 1939 that said that they would not attack each other should war break out. Hitler broke this agreement later on. | 27 | |
| 3898645999 | "cash-and-carry" | policy adopted by the United States in 1939 to preserve neutrality while aiding the Allies. Britain and France could buy goods from the United States if they paid in full and transported them. | 28 | |
| 3898646000 | "phony war" | Was a phase in early World War II marked by few military operations in Continental Europe, in the months following the German invasion of Poland and preceding the Battle of France. Although the great powers of Europe had declared war on one another, neither side had yet committed to launching a significant attack, and there was relatively little fighting on the ground | 29 | |
| 3898646764 | Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies | Advocated isolationism and opposed FDR's reelection in 1940. These members urged neutrality, claiming that the U.S. could stand alone regardless of Hitler's advances on Europe. | 30 | |
| 3898646765 | America First Committee | A committee organized by isolationists before WWII, who wished to spare American lives. They wanted to protect America before we went to war in another country. Charles A. Lindbergh (the aviator) was its most effective speaker. | 31 | |
| 3898646766 | Battle of Britain | An aerial battle fought in World War II in 1940 between the German Luftwaffe (air force), which carried out extensive bombing in Britain, and the British Royal Air Force, which offered successful resistance. | 32 | |
| 3898648667 | destroyers-for-bases deal | Roosevelt's compromise for helping Britain as he could not sell Britain US destroyers without defying the Neutrality Act; Britain received 50 old but still serviceable US destroyers in exchange for giving the US the right to build military bases on British Islands in the Caribbean. (1940) | 33 | |
| 3898648668 | Atlantic Charter | 1941-Pledge signed by US president FDR and British prime minister Winston Churchill not to acquire new territory as a result of WWII and to work for peace after the war | 34 | |
| 3898648669 | Pearl Harbor | December 7, 1941 - Surprise attack by the Japanese on the main U.S. Pacific Fleet harbored in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The Japanese destroyed 18 U.S. ships and 200 aircraft. American losses were 3000, Japanese losses less than 100. In response, the U.S. declared war on Japan and Germany, entering World War II. | 35 | |
| 3898649474 | lend-lease | 1941 law that authorized the president to aid any nation whose defense he believed was vital to American security | 36 |
