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| 440722345 | corporate colonies | Colonies operated by joint-stock companies during the early years of the colonies, such as Jamestown | |
| 440722346 | royal colonies | Colonies under the direct authority and rule of the king's government, such as Virginia after 1624 | |
| 440722347 | proprietary colonies | Colonies under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king, such as Maryland and Massachusetts The king believed that proprietary colonies would give him almost total control, as the individual granted the charter would be loyal to the king and obey his wishes | |
| 440722348 | Chesapeake colonies | The now divided area once known as the Virginia company; composed of Maryland and Virginia (1632) Maryland becomes first proprietary colony (1632) | |
| 440722349 | George Calvert, Lord Baltimore | As a reward for loyal service, the king granted Lord Baltimore, a Catholic nobleman, control of Maryland Lord Baltimore wanted Maryland to be a wealthy colony as well as a safe place for Catholics. He died in 1632, leaving Maryland to his son, Cecil | |
| 440722350 | Cecil Calvert, Lord Baltimore | Son of George Calvert, Cecil Calvert set about making his father's dream come alive in Maryland (1634) | |
| 440722351 | Act of Toleration (1649) | The first colonial statue granting religious freedom to all Christians; also called for death of all non-Christians (1649) Caused by: Most people in Maryland were Protestant, and Catholics wanted religious freedom | |
| 440722352 | Virginia | Virginia struggled with economic problems, a rebellion against the colonial government, and labor shortages (late 1700's) | |
| 440722353 | Sir William Berkeley | Royal Governor of Virginia (1641-1652, 1660-1677) who favored large plantation owners and did not support or protect smaller farms from Indian raids. Put down Bacon's rebellion (1676) | |
| 440722354 | Bacon's Rebellion | (1676) Led by Nathaniel Bacon, a group of army volunteers attacked and raided Native American villiages, and then fought the governor's forces and set fire to Jamestown. The rebellion lost momentum when Bacon died of dysentery. Caused by:Governor's unfair favortism of large plantation owners and refusal to protect small farms from Native American raids. | |
| 440722355 | indentured servant | Young people from England under contract with a master who paid for their passage. Worked for a specified period for room and board, then they were free. | |
| 440722356 | headright system | A method for attracting immigrants: Virginia offered 50 acres of land to each immigrant who paid for passage to America and to any plantation owner who paid for an immigrants passage. | |
| 440722357 | slavery | The first slaves arrived in the colonies in 1619, and were not slaves for life, but worked for a period of time, like an indentured servant. Then, discriminatory laws were passed and slaves nor their offspring were never freed. | |
| 440722358 | Roger Williams | A respected Puritan minister who believed that the individual's conscience was beyond the conrol of any civil or church authority, and was banished from the bay colony for his beliefs. He founded the settlement of Providence in 1636. | |
| 440722359 | Providence | Founded by Roger Williams (1636), in Providence, Native Americans were dealt with fairly in buying land and religious freedom was extended to all. | |
| 440722360 | Anne Hutchinson | Puritan who believed in antinomianism and was banished from the bay colony because of her beliefs. Founded the colony of Portsmouth (1638) | |
| 440722361 | antinomianism | The idea that faith alone, not deeds, is necessary for salvation. | |
| 440722362 | Rhode Island | In 1644, Parliment granted Roger Williams a charter, joining Providence and Portsmouth into Rhode Island. | |
| 440722363 | Thomas Hooker | Led a group of Boston Puritans dissatified with the Massachusetts Bay colony. Founded Hartford (1636), which is now Connecticut. | |
| 440722364 | Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639) | First constitution in written history (1639). Established a representative government made up of a legislature elected by the people and a governor chosen by the legislature. | |
| 440722365 | John Davenport | Founder of New Haven (1637) | |
| 440722366 | Connecticut | In 1665, New Haven and Hartford joined to form Connecticut under a royal charter. | |
| 440722367 | New Hampshire | Hoping to increase royal control in the colonies, King Charles II separated New Hampshire from Massachusetts in 1679 and made it a royal colony | |
| 440722368 | halfway covenant | People could now take part in church services and activities without making a formal commitment to Christ (1660) Caused by: The next generation of colonists were less commited to religious faith, but churches still needed members | |
| 440722369 | New England Confederation | In 1643, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, and New Haven formed a military alliance to deal with Native Americans. Lasted until 1684. | |
| 440722370 | Wampanoags | Indian tribe led by Metacom. | |
| 440722371 | Metacom; King Phillip's War | Metacom, aka King Phillip, joined together the Native American tribes to fight the colonists, a war that lasted from 1675 to 1676 | |
| 440722372 | Restoration colonies | Colonies founded during the Restoration era in Europe, the restoration of the power of King Charles II | |
| 440722373 | The Carolinas | King Charles II granted eight nobles who had helped him gain the throne the Carolinas. (1663) In 1729, the Carolinas were split into to royal colonies. In South Carolina, the economy was based on the fur trade and growing food for the West Indies, which led to many plantations. In North Carolina, there were many small tobacco farms and fewer plantations. | |
| 440722374 | rice plantations | These plantations grew food for the West Indies, and relied on slave labor. Found in South Carolina. | |
| 440722375 | tobacco farms | These were mainly small farms in North Carolina, but larger tobacco plantations were found in other parts of the colonies. | |
| 440722376 | New York | In 1664, King Charles II granted his brother James (the Duke of York) the land now known as New York. James took the land from the Dutch, but treated them fairly. James was unpopular because of his taxes and refusal to institute representative government. He relented in 1683. | |
| 440722377 | New Jersey | Land granted by James to Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret, 1664. Eventually sold to Quakers, and later (1702), became a royal colony | |
| 440722378 | Pennsylvania | "Penn's woods" Land given to William Penn, 1681. | |
| 440722379 | Quakers | Members of the Religious Society of Friends who believed in the equality of men and women, nonviolence, and resistance to military service. Were often persecuted. | |
| 440722380 | William Penn | Founder of Pennsylvania, William Penn wanted his colony to generate wealth, provide a safe place for Quakers, and enable him to try new, liberal ideas in government | |
| 440722381 | holy experiment | Penn wanted to to test ideas he had developed in his colony. He created a government for his colony, and planned his cities. | |
| 440722382 | Frame of Government (1682-1683) | Guaranteed a representive assembly elected by land owners | |
| 440722383 | Charter of Liberties (1701) | Guaranteed freedom of worship for all and unrestricted immigration | |
| 440722384 | Delaware | In 1702, Penn granted the lower three colonies their own legislature, but Delaware and Pennsylvania had the same governor until the American Revolution | |
| 440722385 | Georgia | Georgia was formed in 1732 to provide a buffer between wealthy Georgia from Spanish controlled Florida, and to provide a place for the many debtors of England to begin again | |
| 440722386 | James Oglethorpe | Founder of Georgia's first settlement, Savannah, 1733. Acted as governor of Georgia and had strict laws which included a ban on rum and slavery. | |
| 440722387 | mercantilism | An economic policy which looked upon trade, colonies, and the accumulation of wealth as the basis for a countries military and political strength. | |
| 440722388 | Navigation Acts | Basically, the colonies could only trade with England, and only ship goods on colonist or English ships. This helped the shipbuilding industry, and helped protect the colonists, but farmers received low prices for their goods and colonists had to pay high prices for manufactured goods. | |
| 440722389 | Dominion of New England | James II wanted to increase royal control in the colonies, so he combined them into larger units and abolished their representative assemblies. The Dominion of New England was composed of New York, New Jersey,and other New England colonies. | |
| 440722390 | Sir Edmund Andros | Sent from England to govern the dominion; was very unpopular due to increase of taxes, limiting town meetings, and revoking land titles | |
| 440722391 | Glorious Revolution | In 1688, James was deposed and replaced with William and Mary, ended the Dominion of England | |
| 440722392 | triangular trade | Merchants traded colonist rum for African slaves, African slaves for West Indies sugar cane, and sugar cane needed to make rum to the colonies. | |
| 440722393 | slave trade | Part of the triangular trade, rum from the colonies was traded for African slaves. | |
| 440722394 | Middle Passage | Voyage from Africa to the West Indies; miserable for the slaves transported, many died |
