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Myers 8e Review (Prologue-Ch.13)

Subject: 
Psychology
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Mind
Behaviorism
behavior
Philosophy of mind
classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Reinforcement
motivation
learning
emotion
Stress
Dopamine
health

12 WEEK COMP REVIEW (PROLOGUE-CH. 13) UNIT ONE: RESEARCH, NEUROSCIENCE, & GENETICS (PRO.-CH. 3) Random sample: sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion. Hindsight bias: the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. (Also known as the I-knew-it-all along phenomenon.) The false consensus effect: the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors. Survey research: a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them.

Chp 12 Bio

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
Genetics
Cytogenetics
Classical genetics
Molecular genetics
Epigenetics
Genomic imprinting
Y chromosome
Chromosome
Genetic linkage
Meiosis
Gamete
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Overview: Locating Genes Along Chromosomes ? Mendel?s ?hereditary factors? were genes, though this wasn?t known at the time. ? The location of a particular gene can be seen by tagging isolated chromosomes with a fluorescent dye that highlights the gene. Concept 12.1 Mendelian inheritance has its physical basis in the behavior of chromosomes ? The chromosome theory of inheritance states: ? Mendelian genes have specific loci (positions) on chromosomes ? Chromosomes undergo segregation and independent assortment. ? The behavior of chromosomes during meiosis was said to account for Mendel?s laws of segregation and independent assortment. Morgan?s Experimental Evidence & Choice of Experimental Organism

Chp 24 Bio

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
microbiology
bacteria
Prokaryote
Archaea
cell
Eukaryote
Plasmid
Transformation
Secretion
Endosymbiont
Escherichia coli
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Chapter 24 Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes Overview: The First cells Chemical and physical processes on early Earth may have produced very simple cells through a sequence of stages: 1. Abiotic synthesis of small organic molecules 2. Joining of these small molecules into macromolecules 3. Packaging of molecules into protocells 4. Origin of self-replicating molecules Synthesis of Organic Compounds on Early Earth ? Earth formed about 4.6 billion years ago, along with the rest of the solar system ? Bombardment of Earth by rocks and ice likely vaporized water and prevented seas from forming before 4.2 to 3.9 billion years ago ? Earth?s early atmosphere likely contained water vapor and chemicals released by volcanic eruptions

Chapter 18 Bio

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
Genetics
Genomics
Molecular biology
DNA
Gene expression
Noncoding DNA
Genome project
Genome
Human genome
Intron
Gene
health

Chapter 18 Genomes and Their Revolution Overview: Reading the Leaves from the Tree of Life ? Complete genome sequences exist for a human, chimpanzee, E. coli and numerous other prokaryotes, corn, fruit fly, house mouse, orangutan, and others ? Comparisons of genomes among organisms provide information about the evolutionary history of genes and taxonomic groups ?Genomics is the study of whole sets of genes and their interactions ? Bioinformatics is the application of computational methods to the storage and analysis of biological data Concept 18.1: The Human Genome Project fostered development of faster, less expensive sequencing techniques ? The Human Genome Project officially began in 1990, and the sequencing was largely completed by 2003

Chapter 17 Bio

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
microbiology
Bacteriophages
Virology
Molecular biology
RNA viruses
Virus
Lytic cycle
DNA virus
Lysogenic cycle
Animal virology
Viral envelope
health

Chapter: 17 Viruses Overview: A Borrowed Life ? A virus is an infectious particle consisting of little more than genes packaged into a protein coat ? Viruses lead ?a kind of borrowed life?, existing in a shady area between life-forms and chemicals. ? Viruses called bacteriophages can infect and set in motion a genetic takeover of bacteria, such as Escherichia coli. ? A virus consists of a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat. ? Virus lack the metabolic machinery found in a cell, thus they can?t reproduce or carry out metabolism. Concept 17.1 A virus consist of a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat ? Virus smaller than a ribosome and even the largest virus is barely visible under light Microscope ? Some viruses can be crystalized

Free response question index Bio

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
microbiology
plants
Cell Biology
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
cell
Photosynthesis
Primary production
bacteria
organelle
evolution
health

AP Biology Free Response Questions Index See the complete questions and scoring rubrics here: ? http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/biology/samp.html 2010 Form A: 1. ?Homeostasis of blood glucose levels 2. ?Enzymatic reaction 3. ?Genetic cross and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium 4. ?Ecological succession 2010 Form B: 1. ?Chromatography and Photosynthesis 2. ?Point mutation and allele frequency 3. ?Ecological role of bacteria and GMO bacteria 4. ?Biotic and abiotic variables, designing a controlled experiment 2009 Form A: 1. ?Behavioral response and physiological effect in fish to temperature 2. ?ATP, GTP, chemiosmosis to produce ATP, energy pyramid 3. ?Phylogeny, genetic variations in cytochrome c

The Cell

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
anatomy
organelles
Membrane biology
Cell Biology
Endomembrane system
Photosynthesis
cell
Eukaryote
Vesicle
Endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosome
health

Chapter 6 A Tour of the Cell Concept 6.2: Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions two types of cells make up all organisms?prokaryotic and eukaryotic only domains Bacteria and Archaea consist of prokaryotes Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells bounded by a membrane?plasma membrane within the membrane is a semifluid. cytosol, in which organelles are found all contain chromosomes and ribosomes Prokaryotic Cells no nucleus; DNA is concentrated in a region called the nucleoid, but no membrane separates this region from the rest of the cell Eukaryotic Cells have a true nucleus, bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope entire region between the nucleus and plasma membrane is the cytoplasm

Membrane Structure and Function

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
Membrane biology
Cell membrane
Lipid bilayer
Membrane transport
Membrane protein
Facilitated diffusion
Biological membrane
Carrier protein
Exocytosis
Active transport
Semipermeable membrane
health

Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function Overview: Life at the Edge the plasma membrane is the boundary that separates the living cell from its nonliving surroundings selectively permeable: allows some substances to cross it more easily than others Concept 7.1: Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins a phospholipid is an amphipathic molecule, meaning it has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions head composed of phosphate group attached to one carbon of glycerol two fatty acid tails are hydrophobic in the fluid mosaic model, the membrane is a fluid structure with a ?mosaic? of various proteins embedded in or attached to a bilayer of phospholipids Membrane Models: Scientific Inquiry phospholipids are the most abundant lipid in the plasma membrane

Cell Communication

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
Cell Signaling
Signal transduction
Cell Biology
Membrane biology
Integral membrane proteins
Second messenger system
Cell surface receptor
Hormone
G protein-coupled receptor
G protein
Adenylate cyclase
health

Chapter 11 Cell Communication Overview: The Cellular Internet essential for multicellular organism the combined effects of multiple signals determine cell response Concept 11.1: External signals are converted into responses within the cell Evolution of Cell Signaling yeast cells identify their mates by cell signaling a signal transduction pathway is a series of steps by which a signal on a cell?s surface is converted into a specific cellular response pathway similarities suggest that ancestral signaling molecules evolved in prokaryotes and were modified later in eukaryotes Local and Long Distance Signaling the concentration of signaling molecules allows bacteria to detect population density cells in a multicellular organism communicate via chemical messengers

Cell Cycle

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
Cell Biology
cell cycle
Interphase
mitosis
Meiosis
Kinetochore
Cytokinesis
Cyclin
Spindle apparatus
cell
Chromosome
health

Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Overview: The Key Roles of Cell Division the continuity of life is based upon the reproduction of cells, or cell division unicellular organisms reproduce by cell division multicellular organisms depend on cell division for development (from a fertilized cell), growth and repair the cell division process is an integral part of the cell cycle, the life of a cell from its formation from the division of the parent cell to its own division Concept 12.1: Cell division results in two identical daughter cells cells duplicate their genetic material before they divide, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of genetic material, DNA Cellular Organization of the Genetic Material a cell?s endowment of DNA, its genetic information, is called its genome

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