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NAFTA : North American Free Trade Agreement, an economic treaty between Canada, the United States, and Mexico to lower tariffs and create a free trade environment. NAFTA was ratified by its member nations in 1994.
Nagasaki : Japanese city devastated during World War II when the United States dropped the second atomic bomb on Aug 8th, 1945.
NASA / National Aeronautical and Space Administration : American space agency responsible for administrating the United State’s space program.
Nasser, Gamal Abdel : (1918-1970) President of Egypt from 1956 to 1970. He was responsible for nationalizing the Suez Canal, and was an important leader to the Arab world. He was often at odds with the West and Israel.
Nasser, Gamal Abdel : (1918-1970) President of Egypt from 1956 to 1970. He was the most influential leader of the Arab world during his lifetime. He supported the idea of Pan Arabism, where all Arab nations should unite. Also supported the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
National Assembly : First new government during the first stage of the French Revolution.
nationalism : Pride in one’s country or culture, often excessive in nature.
nation-state : An independent state or country.
Native Americans & Slaves : In colonial Latin America, lowest social class. They had no rights and were often treated poorly and used as a labor source by the plantation owning Creoles.
NATO : North Atlantic Treaty Organization, an international defense alliance between the United States, Great Britain, and others formed in 1949 as a response to the spread of communism.
natural resources : Various materials found in nature used in manufacturing such as wood, coal, and oil.
natural rights : Concept of John Locke’s that states all people have the right to life, liberty, and property.
navigable rivers : A river that is able to be navigated by boat.
Nazi : Name of German National Socialist Party, which gained control of Germany in 1933 under the leadership of Adolf Hitler.
Nehru, Jawaharlal : (1889-1964) Indian nationalist leader and the first prime minister of independent India from 1947 to 1964. Along with Mohandas Gandhi, he was instrumental in freeing India from Britain’s control.
Neolithic Age : (10,000 BCE - 5000 BCE) New Stone Age. A period of time in human history characterized by the development of agriculture and permanent settlements.
Neolithic Revolution : (10,000 - 8,000 BCE) The development of agriculture and the domestication of animals as a food source. This led to the development of permanent settlements and the start of civilization.
New Economic Policy : An economic policy of Vladimir Lenin’s in the Soviet Union where government controlled most banks and industry, but did allow some private ownership.
New Imperialism : A policy of economic, political, and social of one country by another. Industrialized countries sought control of other countries for raw materials and new markets.
New Kingdom : (1550 BCE - 1100 BCE) Period in ancient Egyptian history characterized by strong pharaohs who conquered an empire that stretched from Nubia in the south, to the Euphrates River in Mesopotamia.
New Testament : The second half of the Christian Bible. It describes the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, as well as other Christian teachings.
Newcomen, Thomas : (1663-1729) Developed a steam engine powered by coal.
Newton, Isaac : (1642-1727) English scientist who discovered gravitation, invented calculus, and formulated the laws of motion.
Nirvana : In Buddhism, spiritual enlightenment.
Nkrumah, Kwame : (1909-1972) Independence leader who help lead Ghana out of European imperialism after World War II.
Nô theatre : Feudal Japanese theater where men wore decorative mask and performed on stage, while a chorus sang the lines. Nô theatre reflected Buddhist ideas such as resisting selfish behavior.
nomad : A person who belongs to a group of people who move from place to place seasonally in search of food and water.
Northwest Passage : Mythical water route from the northeast region of North America to the Pacific Ocean. Many people during the Age of Exploration searched for this route that does not exist. However, the search resulted in the discovery of much of the northeast region of North America by the Europeans.
nuclear weapons : Weapons in which the explosive potential is controlled by nuclear fission or fusion.
Nuremburg Trials : War crime trials held in Nuremburg after World War II to try the surviving Nazis concerning the Holocaust, aggressive war making, mistreatment of prisoners among other things.
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