Chapter 03 - Planting Colonies in North America

• In the 16th century Spain and France were the only European powers in North America

• Spain went up North to New Mexico
• Found the Pueblo people but they had no gold = lost interest
• The Church however got the Spanish to sponsor a missionary conquest = some settlement
• However since there was no treasure there were no immigrants

• Quebec was claimed for France by Samuel de Champlain
• Sent agents 'into the woods to live with the FNP"
• Seigneurs and Habitant system
• Adopted FRNP farming techniques
• Mississippi Empire
• By 1700 population was only 15000

• 1st attempt to colonize was in 1580's
• Newfoundland and Roanoke
• Paused during war against Spain

• Virginia Company (Joint Stock Company)
• Powhatan and the Algonquians numbered 20,000
• Smith plundered Algonquians = Powhatan starves the English out
• White's don't want to trade but they do conquer
• This strategy was used by Spain and not by France
• Colonists starved
• Of the 900 men only 60 survived
• More men came and they soon controlled the area

• Tobacco caused colonists to settle in Virginia
• John Rolfe developed hybrids to start industry
• England and France only sent men, while Spain send both
• Society of Exclusion
• One last attack by Algonquians (led by Powhatan's brother) failed
• Just before the war ended the Virginia Company went broke
• Virginia became a royal colony with a legislature (House of Burgesses)
• Economy took off

• King Charles, gave 10 million acres to Lord Baltimore (Calverts)
• Propriety colony = Calverts were the only owners
• Catholic Colony
• House of Representatives

• 75% of new manpower came in the form of indentured servants
• fixed term, then freedom
• If servant escaped and captured the term of service was lengthened
• When term ended the servant would get supplies
• Unique to the English colonies
• Spain used FNP labor
• France didn't need labor

• Women were scarce = valuable = powerful
• Bonds were weak because of high death rates
• Close ties with England
• Crude housing

• John Calvin wanted to make Christianity "pure"
• Valued enterprise and hard work
• Were very powerful in England
• King James was not as tolerant as Elizabeth = kicked out

• North was controlled by the French and the Dutch
• Disease wiped out Indian though = no furs for French and the Dutch
• Could not fight England

• Pilgrims, religious dissenters
• Established Plymouth, sailed from Mayflower
• 1st document of government power in North America
• Many died in the winter, rescued by the FNP = thanksgiving
• Alliance for food

• Puritans needed to move or be persecuted
• Salem was the first settlement
• "city on a hill" mentality
• 20,000 people
• Boston was the biggest settlement
• Company transferred control to the government
• All church men were freemen
• Could elect delegates
• Bicameral division of authority (delegates, and magistrates)

• English were not interested in trade
• "Unused" lands taken
• Tricked FNP into giving land
• Indians were fined land for breaking English law
• Algonquians eventually surrendered
• Disease killed inland FNP = Europeans moved in

• Puritans and Charles I (James' son)
• Puritans win as Charles was tolerant
• Oliver Cromwell (puritan)
• Ruled England
• New England economy was based on newcomers
• No single crop = had to diversify
• Ships, lumber, fish
• Shipping industry was the biggest in the colonies
• Public Education in New England
• Girls could not attend

• Puritans stressed Family
• Town center
• Mom and Dad farms
• Women relied on men
• Witchcraft scare in Salem

• Puritans had little tolerance for other views
• Tom Hooker argued with the Puritans
• Established new colony of Connecticut at Hartford
• Roger Williams wanted separation of Church and state and religious tolerance
• Settled in Providence, Rhode Island

• Cromwell dies-Stuart monarchy restored by Charles II
• Southern colonies were to be propriety colonies (like Maryland)
• First southern settlement was Charleston
• People came from the overpopulated Barbados

• Dutch were powerful
• English fleet take over Manhattan
• War with Dutch = decline in Dutch power
• Named New York to honor king's brother the Duke of York
• Many cultures came from the Dutch legacy
• Multicultural center of America

• Property rights of Pennsylvania went to Will Penn
• Quakers were tolerant and pacifists
• Philadelphia was the capital of Pennsylvania
• Pennsylvania was the city of brotherly love and the center of liberalism
• Fair with Algonquians
• Lands must be purchased from FNP
• Philadelphia became most important port

• King Philip's War, FNP and New England fight to get land back
• Bacon's Rebellion, backcountry settlers attack FNP
• In the South Brits incite Cherokees to attack Spain in Florida
• The Glorious Revolution of America, Massachusetts, New York, and Maryland rebel against colonial government of James II
• King William's War, England and France fight in the outskirts of New England