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Chapter 02 - When Worlds Collide

Early Settlements
  • L'ans aux Meadeaux
  • Columbus in 1492
European Communities
  • Agricultural society
  • Late technology boom = more food = more people
  • Iron plows
  • Crop rotation
  • Feudalism
  • Catholic Church was powerful
  • Jew became successful merchants
The Merchant Class
  • Genoa, Pisa and Venice became powerful
  • Rich
  • Fleets
  • Financed crusades
 
Renaissance
 
The New Monarchies
  • Replace lords as center of power
  • Built royal bureaucracies
  • Had state navies and armies
  • Support from merchants
Portuguese Explorations
  • Henry the Navigator = Sagres Point (Naval College)= developed the Caravel
  • Knew the world was round
  • Easter influences at Sagres Point
  • Vasco da Gama-rounded Cape of Good Hope = India and China
  • Established slave trade
Columbus
  • Catherine and Ferdinand
  • Discovers America
  • Left colony on Haiti and left instructions to dig for gold
  • 2nd and 3rd voyages were a failure and the first colony was destroyed
  • Vespuci described the "New World"
 
The Spanish in the Americas
  • Mixed racially
  • Powerful
 
Invasion of America
  • Brutality in Caribbean
  • Needs lots of man power = slaves from Africa
  • Cortez conquers the Aztecs
 
The Destruction of the Indians
  • Resistance was futile
  • De las Casas,-Catholic priest denounced the conquest
  • Claimed that it was no use
  • Other European powers used his denouncement to help support their denouncement of Spain
  • Population went from 25 million to one million
  • Starved
  • Conception avoided
  • Disease
  • Small pox
  • Measles
  • Pneumonia
  • Malaria
  • Americas was a disease free environment
Intercontinental Exchange
  • Between 1500-1550 amount of silver in Europe triples
  • Inflation
  • Crops such as maize, corn and potatoes were introduced to Europe
  • Vanilla and tobacco were profitable
The First Americans in North America
  • Two failed attempts to invade Florida
  • DeSoto, with 700 men were driven away in the Southern USA
  • However spread disease = easy conquest the second time
  • De Coronada met the Pueblo people
  • Pueblos had no gold = no Spanish interest
The Spanish New World Empire
  • Mestizos were common as there were no women
  • Authority from Spain was weak
French and English Empires
  • French tried to colonize Brazil and Florida = failed because Spanish drove them out
  • French in the North, English in the Middle and Spain in the South
Luther and the Reformation
  • Spread Protestantism
  • England splits with Rome
The French Colony in Florida
  • Huguenot established a haven in Florida and South Carolina = failed
  • Another attempt on St. Johns River = Fort Caroline
  • Friendly natives
Fish and Furs
  • Grand Banks = fishing = friendly relation with FNP as they had no interest in settlement
  • Cabot reached Cape Breton Island
  • Verazan reached Maine
  • Cartier reached the St. Lawrence
  • Trade boomed
  • Furs for junk
  • FNP caught diseases
Social Change in the 16th Century England
  • Elizabeth banned Catholicism
  • Tolerated different views in the English Church
  • Enclosure
  • Fenced off common land for their sheep
  • Thousands were homeless = need homes in the colonies
  • Good markets
  • Bases to raid Spanish
England Turns towards Colonization
  • English invade Ireland
  • Drake pirated Spanish gold for England
  • Spain sends the Armada
 
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