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Vice Presidents of the United States

ch9

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Chapter 7 Launching the New Republic 1788-1800 Introduction 1.) Which points in Hamilton?s economic program were the most controversial and why? 2.) What was the impact of the French Revolution on American politics? 3.) What principal issues divided Federalists in the election of 1800? 4.) On what basis were some Americans denied full equality by 1800? Constitutional Government Takes Shape, 1788-1796 Introduction Although the Constitution had replaced the Articles of Confederation as the law of the land, the first test of its effectiveness was yet to come. It passed that test following the holding of the 1st national elections; the beginnings of legislative, executive, and judicial activity at the federal level; and the passage of a bill of rights Implementing Government

c1

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Chapter 7: Launching the New Republic (1789-1800) I. Constitutional Government Takes Shape- New York became the new state capital for the United States. As the congressmen slowly began to congregate they were faced with the very serious task of making decisions on things the Constitution had left ambiguous. There was no president to help these congressmen decide what to do.

ch5

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The Declaration of Independence contains all of the following phrases except "monarchy and hereditary succession have laid the world in blood and ashes." From the rationalist philosophies of the Enlightenment, Americans of the 1760s and early 1770s derived the idea that individuals have certain "natural rights." By 1770, after five years of debate over American sovereignty, outspoken colonial leaders had repudiated Parliament and claimed equality for their own assemblies under the king. The author of the radical pamphlet Common Sense called for independence and republicanism. Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the Boston Massacre of March 1770 or its aftermath? Radical Whigs accused the British of deliberately planning the killings.

ch6

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??? Which of the following did the Bill of Rights NOT do? It specified explicit limits on federal power. ??? When Alexander Hamilton argued that Congress had the constitutional authority to establish a national bank, what was the basis of his assertion? The Constitution gives Congress the authority to do whatever is "necessary and proper" to perform its duties. ??? Why did the southern states vote for Hamilton's plan to assume state debts? Northern representatives agreed to transfer the federal capital from Philadelphia to a location on the Potomac River in Virginia. ??? What was the strongest argument against Hamiltons' Bank of the United States? The Constitution had given Congress no specific authorization to issue charters of incorporation. ???

chap 10

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Chapter 10 Democratic Politics, Religious Revival, and Reform 1824-1840 Introduction 1.) How was American politics democratized between 1800 and 1840? 2.) Why was Andrew Jackson so popular with voters? 3.) How and why did the Democratic and Whig parties emerge? 4.) What new assumptions about human nature did religious reform leaders of the 1830?s make? The Rise of Democratic Politics, 1824-1832 Introduction In 1824, only one political party existed Republican It was fragmenting Pressures produced by the industrialization of the Northeast The spread of cotton growing in the South Westward expansion 2 new political parties developed Democrats Whigs Introduction (cont.) Democrats Retained Jefferson?s distrust of strong federal government Preferred states? rights Whigs

Chapter 8

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Second Continental Congress Met in the hopes that fighting would allow for the addressing of their grievances. George Washington The leader of the American army, selected by the Congress for political reasons Ticonderoga and Crown Point A store of gunpowder and artillery secured by the Americans Bunker (Breed?s) Hill A hill taken by Americans, defended mercilessly, abandoned without gunpowder Olive Branch Petition A petition adopted by America, pleading for peace and professing Crown loyalty Thomas Paine A writer who called the freedom of America from England ?common sense.? Republicanism A society where power flows from the people, not a despotic monarch Richard Henry Lee A delegate at the Philadelphia Congress who pushed for independence Thomas Jefferson

Chapter 10

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Washington?s cabinet Set precedent, the heads of department assembled to advise the presdient Bill of Rights A list of guarantees for American freedoms, drafted by James Madison and added to the constitution as the first ten Amendments Judiciary Act (1789) Established and organized effective courts, including SCOTUS Alexander Hamilton Treasury Secretary, who aimed to assume all debts and establish BUS ?funding at par? the federal government would pay off debts at face value ?assumption? Having Congress assume state debts, bound states to federal government federal district Placing the federal district on the Potomac allowed Virginia to ?assume? Whiskey Rebellion A rebellion in PA against taxes on whiskey. Federal response was strong

Chapter 12

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Chapter 12: The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism, 1812-1824 Oliver Hazard Perry An American naval officer whose capture of British ships boosted morale Battle of the Thames An American victory by General Harrison?s army Thomas MacDonough An American who won a close battle by turning his ship about with cables Francis Scott Key An American who wrote ?Star Spangled Banner? after the defense of Baltimore Battle of New Orleans An American victory caused by British blundering against entrenched Americans Treaty of Ghent The peace treaty for the War of 1812, signed before the Battle of New Orleans. Hartford Convention A Federalist conference demanding certain concessions before fleeing after Ghent Rush-Bagot Agreement

chapter 13

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Chapter 13: The Rise of Mass Democracy ?Corrupt Bargain? of 1824 Four Candidates for President John Q. Adams Henry Clay William H. Crawford Andrew Jackson John C. Calhoun is vice-pres candidate for Adams and Jackson Jackson is the strongest in the West Gets the most popular votes by a large margin Fails to get a majority of electoral votes Twelfth Amendment House decides among the top 3 candidates Clay is eliminated Crawford had a stroke Clay is the Speaker of the House Has the power to influence who gets elected Jackson and Clay don?t like each other Clay and Adams agree politically Nationalists Advocates of ?American System? Clay supports Adams and meets with him before the final vote to let him know Adams wins and makes Clay his Secretary of State

chapter 11

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Chapter 11: Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic Federalist and Republican Mudslingers Problems for Adams/Federalists Alien and Sedition Acts Hamilton and other Federalists that wanted to fight France not happy Americans in general angry about preparations for war with France Increased national debt New taxes?stamp tax Problems for Jefferson ?Whispering campaign? Robbed a widow Several children with slave women Religious liberal Orthodox clergy called him atheist Some people feared he would outlaw religion Jeffersonian ?Revolution of 1800? Jefferson defeats Adams, but? Aaron Burr has the same number of electoral votes Jefferson finally elected by the House when Hamilton convinced his supporters that Jefferson was better than Burr

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