Biogeography

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Water Cycle: The water cycle describes the existence and movement of water on, in, and above the Earth. Earth's water is always in movement and is always changing states, from liquid to vapor to ice and back again. The water cycle has been working for billions of years and all life on Earth depends on it continuing to work; the Earth would be a pretty stale place without it. The water cycle has no starting point. But once the water is evaporated from its source (seas, oceans, ponds, lakes, etc.), it is taken to the atmosphere by vapor current. When the vapor is in the atmosphere the water condenses into the cloud and it falls back to the earth in the form of cloud particles. This is known as precipitation. Nitrogen Cycle:

Tropical Rain Forest

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Geological history of Earth

Tropical rainforest

Canopy

Abiotic component

Environment

Tropical Rain Forest Biome By: Sowmya Gannavaram Biome Description My Biome is a Tropical Rainforest. This is a very nice biome. It has many animals, plants, and wildlife. The Rainforest is one of the most unique biomes in the world. This would be a great place to go for people who like to see nature and like warm weather. You will now learn about this amazing biome. Where can Tropical Rainforests be found? Most Tropical Rainforests are found along the Equator. They are mostly in Central America, Africa, Madagascar, West Coast of India, Malaysia, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Queensland, and Australia. There are only 12 hours of daylight. Climate Description? The climate in the Tropical Rainforest, is very hot and wet.

Living in the Environment 16th Ed. : Ch.10 Key Terms

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Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

Rangeland

Grazing

Pasture

Overgrazing

Environment

Chapter 10 biodiversity hotspots an idea first proposed in 1988 by environmental scientist Norman Myers. These ?ecological arks? are areas especially rich in plant species that are found nowhere else and are in great danger of extinction. deforestation the temporary or permanent removal of large expanses of forest for agriculture, settlements, or other uses. ecological restoration the process of repairing damage caused by humans to the biodiversity and dynamics of natural ecosystems. old-growth forest an uncut or regenerated primary forest that has not been seriously disturbed by human activities or natural disasters for 200 years or more. overgrazing occurs when too many animals graze for too long and exceed the carrying capacity of a rangeland area. pastures

Living in the Environment 16th Ed. : Ch.3 Key Terms

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Chapter 3 abiotic Two types of components make up the biosphere and its ecosystems: One type, called abiotic, consists of nonliving components such as water, air, nutrients, rocks, heat, and solar energy. aerobic respiration Producers, consumers, and decomposers use the chemical energy stored in glucose and other organic compounds to fuel their life processes. In most cells this energy is released by aerobic respiration, which uses oxygen to convert glucose (or other organic nutrient molecules) back into carbon dioxide and water. anaerobic respiration, or fermentation Some decomposers get the energy they need by breaking down glucose (or other organic compounds) in the?absence?of oxygen. This form of cellular respiration is called anaerobic respiration, or fermentation.

Communities and Biomes

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Forests

Wetland

Tropical rainforest

Savanna

Environment

Chapter 3 Communities and Biomes Communities Life in a Community Limiting factor: any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence, numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms. Tolerance: the ability of an organism to withstand fluctuations in biotic and abiotic environmental factors Succession: Changes over Time Succession: the orderly, natural changes and species replacements that take place in the communities of an ecosystem Succession occurs in stages. At each stage, different species of plants and animals may be present. Primary succession: the colonization of barren land by communities of organisms The first species to take hold in an area like this are called pioneer species.

Principles of Ecology

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Principles of Ecology Organisms and Their Environment What is Ecology? Ecology: the study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environment The Biosphere Biosphere: the part of Earth that supports life The biosphere includes the top portion of Earth?s crust, all the waters that cover Earth?s surface, and the atmosphere that surrounds Earth. The biosphere is made up of different environments that are home to different kinds of organisms. Ecosystem: all the living organisms living in an area and the nonliving features of their environment Biotic factors: living organisms in an ecosystem (ex. bison, grass, birds, insects) Abiotic factors: nonliving features of an ecosystem (ex. water, temperature, sunlight, soil, air) Levels of Organization

Cycles Notes

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matter

Trini Soza Mr. Miguelez APES, 5 10 December 2013 Cycles Questions Water It basically is what keeps an organism alive. The Hydrologic Cycle keeps the water movement going on, above and bellow the surface. There would be more groundwater since the tree roots are not there to absorb the rainfall, as well with a decrease in water evaporation. Logging takes a hit at the Hydrologic Cycle since trees play a crucial role in it. Not only does the fact that we cut down trees affect the cycle, but also one of the biggest effects we have is contamination. The contamination of oceans, rivers, lakes are damaging the quality of the water in the cycle. Carbon Dioxide - Respiration from animals - Organisms - Dissolved CO2 from ocean - Combustion of fossil fuels - Erosion - Volcanic reactions

Bio112 April 29th

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Bio 112

Bio 112 April 29th, 2013 More on Ecosystems Food webs -Is a branching food chain with complex trophic interactions -Including decomposes (detritevors) Energy Flow through Ecosystems -from one trophic level to the next. Primary production - are photoautotrophs, capturing energy from the sun. Energy flows from these guys through all other levels. Of course some energy will be lost at each level. -light energy converted to chemical energy by autorophs during a given time period. -Gross primary production is the total primary production. -Net primary production is GPP minus energy used by producers (respiration)-only this is available to consumers. NPP is more important then GPP. Secondary production

Biology

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Science

AP Biology Reading Guide Chapter 52 An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. - 1 - Name________________________________ Period___________ Chapter 52: An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere Overview 1. What is ecology? 2. Study Figure 52.2. It shows the different levels of the biological hierarchy studied by ecologists. Notice also the different types of questions that might be studied by an ecologist at each level of study. Use this figure to define or explain the following terms: organismal ecology population population ecology community community ecology ecosystem ecosystem ecology landscape ecology biosphere global ecology

Ecology Study Guide

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Science