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Chapter 51 American Pagent

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Systems ecology

environmental science

Ecological niche

Primary production

Ecological succession

Ecology Study Guide Chapter 51 Animal behavior is anything to do with animals and they way they function and reproduce. Proximate cause is the immediate trigger for a behavior. For example, if a zebra is drinking at a water hole, and all of a sudden it hears another zebra nearby make an alarm call, it may stop drinking immediately and start running away instead. The proximate cause of the zebra running away would be the alarm call. But the ultimate cause, or real reason why the zebra is running is survival. It is running away because it wants to survive. The alarm call is not the source of danger, but the alarm call alerts the zebra that danger, such as a lion, may be nearby and the lion can threaten the zebra's chance to survive.

Rawle Plants

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This week?s Bio seminar Friday, Feb. 13, DV2082?at 12pm Jarturo Alvarez-Buylla,?University of California. Embryonic origins of adult neural stem cells 1 Lecture 12: From water to land Ancient plants From water to land but how? Putting life cycles into a phylogenetic context Was water always that important? 2 When did you have popcorn the last time? 3 Corn is ancient Evolved from Teosinte 4 http://hila.webcentre.ca/research/teosinte/ Pop corn is ancient too 5 Huaca Prieta, Peru Grobman, A. & Bonavia, D. 2012. Preceramic maize from Paredones and Huaca Prieta, Peru. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, It all began with green algae 6 http://www.astrobio.net/images/galleryimages_images/Gallery_Image_7263.jpg Green algae 725 mya

Free response question index Bio

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Primary production

AP Biology Free Response Questions Index See the complete questions and scoring rubrics here: ? http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/biology/samp.html 2010 Form A: 1. ?Homeostasis of blood glucose levels 2. ?Enzymatic reaction 3. ?Genetic cross and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium 4. ?Ecological succession 2010 Form B: 1. ?Chromatography and Photosynthesis 2. ?Point mutation and allele frequency 3. ?Ecological role of bacteria and GMO bacteria 4. ?Biotic and abiotic variables, designing a controlled experiment 2009 Form A: 1. ?Behavioral response and physiological effect in fish to temperature 2. ?ATP, GTP, chemiosmosis to produce ATP, energy pyramid 3. ?Phylogeny, genetic variations in cytochrome c

plantevolution

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Plant reproduction

Non-vascular plant

Alternation of generations

Bio104 Laboratory ? Student?s Guide John Jay College, C.U.N.Y Lab #6 ? Page 1 Lab #6: Evolution of Land Plants I. Introduction a. Last week, we learned about several types of green algae and explored their evolution from solitary single-celled organisms through colonialism and into multicellularity. Although green algae are protists, green algae and land plants share a common ancestor and have many shared features. Both are Eukaryotes and both have chloroplasts that are strikingly similar. b. However, plants have diverged considerably from algae. The two most striking differences are that plants have evolved life cycles that are very distinct from that of protists, and that nearly

Ecosystem Energetics

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Environmental Science

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Primary production

Chemical oceanography

Ecosystem ecology

Ecosystem Energetics Laws of Thermodynamics 1st ? Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed from one type to the other All energy in an ecosystem ultimately comes from the sun 2nd ? In any transfer of energy, energy is lost. Energy is constantly being lost to the environment as heat Primary Productivity Primary Productivity is the production of organic compounds from atmospheric or aquatic CO2, principally through the process of photosynthesis Plants use the product of photosynthesis in 2 ways 1. Plant structures such as proteins, cells, tissues (building the plant body) 2. Fuel for Respiration. This powers such processes as growth, transpiration, reproduction, etc. Gross primary productivity (GPP) ? total amount of energy from photosynthesis

Campbell ch 29

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Plant reproduction

Plant morphology

Alternation of generations

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land Chapter 29 Overview: The Greening of Earth For more than the first 3 billion years of Earth?s history, the terrestrial surface was lifeless Cyanobacteria likely existed on land 1.2 billion years ago Around 500 million years ago, small plants, fungi, and animals emerged on land ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Since colonizing land, plants have diversified into roughly 290,000 living species Land plants are defined as having terrestrial ancestors, even though some are now aquatic Land plants do not include photosynthetic protists (algae) Plants supply oxygen and are the ultimate source of most food eaten by land animals ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 29.1 1 ?m Concept 29.1: Land plants evolved from green algae

Biology - Modern Plants

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Plant reproduction

Plant morphology

Modern Plants Bryophytes (mosses) and Relatives Pteridophyta (Ferns) and Relatives Gymnosperms and Relatives Angiosperms and Relatives Examples Mosses, Liverworts, Hornworts Ferns, Psilotum (whisk fern), Lycopodium, Equisetum (horsetails) Conifers, Gingko, cycads Flowering plants, grasses, hardwoods Transport(xylem and phloem) Mostly Nonvascular Vascular Vascular Vascular Life Cycle Gametophyte (N) dominant Sporophyte dominant, small separate Gametophyte Sporophyte dominant Sporophyte dominant Spores or Seeds Spores Spores Seeds Seeds Fertilization Water Water Wind (Pollination) Wind/ animals (Flowers) Dispersal Water/ Wind Spores Water/ Wind Spores Wind Seeds Wind/ animals (Fruits) Seeds

Botany Introclassification

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Plant physiology

Non-vascular plant

Vascular tissue

Botany; Introclassification

Classification Multicellular Eukaryote Have cell walls made of cellulose Carry out photosynthesis AND respiration Most are autotrophs A few are parasites (live on living organisms) or saprobes (live on dead organisms) Store energy as starch (carbohydrates) Sunlight Water Minerals Gas Exchange (CO2 in: O2 and some CO2 out) Transport of water and nutrients throughout the plant body Remember Photosynthesis: 6H2O + 6CO2 ? C6H12O6 + 6O2 (water + carbon dioxide + sunlight ? glucose + oxygen) Plants life cycles have two alternating phases known as alternation of generations: A diploid (2N) phase known as the sporophyte (spore producing plant). A haploid (N) phase known as the gametophyte (gamete producing plant)

Plants

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Evolutionary biology

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Chapter 1: Principles of Life Concept 1.1: Living Organisms Share Common Aspects of Structure, Function and Energy Flow Biology is the scientific study of living things All living things have a single common ancestor Life as we know it had a single origin All organisms: All organisms are composed of cells and organic material (amino acids, nucleic acids etc.) Contain genetic information for protein synthesis and reproduction Convert environmental molecules into biological molecules Use external energy for internal processes Maintain homeostasis Replicate DNA to prepare for reproduction Maintain similar genetic sequences in the fundamental set of genes Change their genetic information according to changes in environment (evolution)

Plant Health Lab

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lab report format

(name:)Hard Work-ing (name of partner:)Sewper Stewdent P.2 4/27/11 Plant Health Lab

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