Biology: Cells & Organelles Flashcards
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215825845 | cell | (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms | |
215825846 | cyto- | cell | |
216332926 | organelle | specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a cell | |
216332927 | nucleus | a part of the cell containing DNA, surrounded by a double membrane | |
216332928 | endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | an internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane (smooth ER) and some proteins (rough ER) are constructed | |
216332929 | Golgi Apparatus | a structure in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell; AKA Golgi Apparatus, Golgi Complex | |
216332930 | ribosome | An organelle that functions in the synthesis of proteins | |
216332931 | cell membrane | thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell; AKA plasma membrane | |
216332932 | cell wall | a rigid layer of material that surrounds the cells of plants, bacteria, fungi and some protists; absent in animal cells | |
216332933 | cytoplasm | The region of the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus; contains most organelles and cytosol | |
216332934 | cytoskeleton | a microscopic network of actin filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells that gives the cell shape and allows movement of organelles and the cell itself | |
216332935 | mitochondrion | an organelle that transfers energy from organic compounds to ATP; plural mitochondria; contain DNA and ribosomes separate from nucleus; derived from endosymbiosis of heterotrophic bacteria | |
216332936 | chloroplast | organelle found in cells of plants and some protists that captures energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy; contain DNA and ribosomes separate from nucleus; derived from endosymbiosis of photosynthetic bacteria | |
216332937 | vesicle | generic name for a storage organelle | |
216332938 | flagellum | a whip-like appendage used for locomotion (e.g., in sperm cells and some bacteria and protozoa); plural flagella | |
216332939 | cilium | a hairlike projection from the surface of a cell; plural cilia | |
216332940 | central vacuole | a large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution that contains a high concentration of solutes | |
988828764 | centriole | organelle that aids in cell division; found in only animal cells |