The Duel For North America
(1608-1763)
(The American Pageant)
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| 956789088 | French Huguenots | French Protestants of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, who were frequently persecuted by the government and by the Roman Catholic Church. For a time, the Edict of Nantes allowed them to practice their religion in certain cities. When the edict was revoked by King Louis XIV in the late seventeenth century, many Huguenots left France. | |
| 956789089 | Quebec | First permanent French settlement in North America, founded by Samuel de Champlain | |
| 956789090 | Samuel de Champlain | French explorer in Nova Scotia who established a settlement on the site of modern Quebec (1567-1635) | |
| 956789091 | Huron Indians | This tribe asked Champlain to join them in battle against their foes, the Iroquois. They were friendly with the French settlers. Located in the northern region of North America, they sometimes helped out with the fur trade as well. | |
| 956789092 | Iroquois tribes | Formed the Iroquois Confederacy; containing Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora nations. a decent force against the Americans and French, when they fought. | |
| 956789093 | Robert de La Salle | Frenchman who followed the Mississippi River all the way to the Gulf of Mexico, claiming the region for France and naming it Louisiana in honor of King Louis XIV | |
| 956789094 | King William's War | Also known as the War of the league of Augsburg, it lasted from 1689-1697. It was the third time the major European powers crushed the expansionist plans of King Louis XIV of France. | |
| 956789095 | Queen Anne's War | (1702-1713), second of the four North American wars waged by the British and French between 1689 and 1763. The wars were the result of the worldwide maritime and colonial rivalry between Great Britain and France and their struggle for predominance on the European and North American continents; each of the wars fought in North America corresponded more or less to a war fought between the same powers in Europe. | |
| 956789096 | Treaty of Utrecht (1713) | 1713, ended Queen Ann's War, transferred large areas of French territory in North America to English including Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. GB also won limited trade rights that caused smuggling friction (cause Jenkin's ear war) | |
| 956789097 | Acadia | A French-speaking but British-controlled region near Nova Scotia. The English expelled peaceful Acadian farmers from their homeland during the French and Indian war. Many resettled in Louisiana, becoming Cajuns. | |
| 956789098 | War of Jenkin's Ear (1739) | between Britain and Spain in the South/ Florida area: the key issue was British trading in Florida. Georgia showed that it really was effective; Spanish couldn't penetrate through the buffer | |
| 956789099 | George Washington | pulled his small force back into Fort Necessity where he was overwhelmed (1754) by the French. He was the commander of Virginia's frontier troops as a colonel. Left the army in 1758. Also the first President of the United States. Took office (Apr.30, 1789) in New York City. | |
| 956789100 | Fort Duquesne | French fort that was site of first major battle of French and Indian War; General Washington led unsuccessful attack on French troops and was then defeated at Fort Necessity, marking beginning of conflict. | |
| 956789101 | Fort Necessity (1754) | British fort hastily created to defended by George Washington that was captured by the french in 1754 | |
| 956789102 | French and Indian/Seven Years War (1754-1763) | Nine-year war between the British and the French in North America. It resulted in the expulsion of the French from the North American mainland and helped spark the Seven Years' War in Europe. | |
| 956789103 | Albany Congress (1754) | Intercolonial congress summoned by the British government to foster greater colonial unity and assure Iroquois support in the escalating war against the French. | |
| 956789104 | Gen. Edward Braddock | general of the English army that was sent to America; plans campaign to take Ft. Duquesne; fights in European style; builds road in the wilderness for army to march through, giving French time to plan ambush; army forced into retreat; wounded and dies himself | |
| 956789105 | William Pitt | William Pitt was a British leader from 1757-1758. He was a leader in the London government, and earned himself the name, "Organizer of Victory". He led and won a war against Quebec. Pittsburgh was named after him. | |
| 956789106 | Louisbourg (1758) | A reputedly "impregnable" French fortress located on Cape Breton Island which held command of the St. Lawrence River. This fortress was captured by British recruits from New England, but was given back to France as part of the peace treaty in 1748. | |
| 956789107 | Gen. James Wolfe | A British Army officer, known for his victory over the French in Canada. He led a successful attack on Louisbourg, and captured Quebec at the cost of his own life. | |
| 956789108 | Quebec (1759)/Montreal (1760) | On the Atlantic coast, the French focused on the area that Jacques Cartier had explored in the 1530s. They tried to establish permanent bases along the Canadian coast but failed until 1605 when they founded Port Royal. In 1608 Samuel de Chaplain set up a trading post at an interior site that the Iroquois called Standacona, which he renamed. They were sought-after forts during war, vital to victory. | |
| 956789109 | Peace of Paris (1763) | Ended the Seven Year's War, France had to abandon all claim to North America; Great Britain received Canada and the eastern half of the Mississippi Valley, Spain got back the Philippine Islands and Cuba, but had to cede East and West Florida to England | |
| 956789110 | Chief Pontiac's War (1763) | Chief Pontiac (Ottawa) led several tribes from The Great Lakes area in a war against the British, with whom the were dissatisfied for post French/Indian War Policies. Wanted to drive them out of Ohio country | |
| 956789111 | Daniel Boone | famous early pioneer who cleared Wilderness Road, a new route to the west. Wilderness Road became the main route used to cross the Appalachian Mountains | |
| 956789112 | Proclamation of 1763 | A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east. |
