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AP Biology Chapter 10 Set (Campbell Biology, 9th ed.) Flashcards

This set covers photosynthesis in autotrophs.

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623423156If photosynthesizing green algae are provided with CO2 synthesized with heavy oxygen (18O), later analysis will show that all but one of the following compounds produced by the algae contain the 18O label. That one isO20
623423157Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle?ATP and NADPH1
623423158Photosynthesis is not responsible forfossil fuels2
623423159Where does the Calvin cycle take place?stroma of the chloroplast3
623423160In any ecosystem, terrestrial or aquatic, what group(s) is (are) always necessary?autotrophs4
623423161In autotrophic bacteria, where are the enzymes located that can carry on carbon fixation (reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrate)?in the cytosol5
623423162When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a direct by-product ofsplitting water molecules6
623423163A plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are being absorbed by this pigment?blue and violet7
623423164Halobacterium has a photosynthetic membrane that is colored purple. Its photosynthetic action spectrum is exactly complementary (opposite to) the action spectrum for green plants. What wavelengths of light do the Halobacterium photosynthetic pigments absorb?blue and red8
623423165In the thylakoid membranes, what is the main role of the antenna pigment molecules?harvest photons and transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll9
623423166Which of the events listed below occurs in the light reactions of photosynthesis?light is absorbed and funneled to reaction-center chlorophyll a10
623423167Which statement describes the functioning of photosystem II?the electron vacancies in P680+ are filled by electrons derived from water.11
623423168Which of the following are directly associated with photosystem I?receiving electrons from the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain12
623423169Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet are able to survive. The best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms would beto test for liberation of O2 in the light.13
623423170What are the products of linear photophosphorylation?ATP and NADPH14
623423171As a research scientist, you measure the amount of ATP and NADPH consumed by the Calvin cycle in 1 hour. You find 30,000 molecules of ATP consumed, but only 20,000 molecules of NADPH. Where did the extra ATP molecules come from?cyclic electron flow15
623423172Assume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer separated from the stroma. This damage will have the most direct effect on which of the following processes?the synthesis of ATP16
623423173What does the chemiosmotic process in chloroplasts involve?establishment of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane17
623423174Suppose the interior of the thylakoids of isolated chloroplasts were made acidic and then transferred in the dark to a pH 8 solution. What would be likely to happen?The isolated chloroplasts will make ATP.18
623423175In a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes located?thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane19
623423176In mitochondria, chemiosmosis translocates protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space, whereas in chloroplasts, chemiosmosis translocates protons fromthe stroma to the thylakoid space20
623423177Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules, whereas respiration releases it21
623423178Where are the molecules of the electron transport chain found in plant cells?thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts22
623423179In photosynthetic cells, synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism occurs duringboth photosynthesis and respiration.23
623423180Reduction of oxygen to form water occurs duringrespiration only24
623423181Reduction of NADP+ occurs duringphotosynthesis only25
623423182The splitting of carbon dioxide to form oxygen gas and carbon compounds occurs duringneither photosynthesis nor respiration26
623423183Generation of proton gradients across membranes occurs duringboth photosynthesis and respiration27
623423184What is the relationship between wavelength of light and the quantity of energy per photon?they are inversely related28
623423185P680+ is said to be the strongest biological oxidizing agent. Why?this molecule has a stronger attraction for electrons than oxygen, to obtain electrons from water29
623423186Some photosynthetic bacteria (e.g., purple sulfur bacteria) have only photosystem I, whereas others (e.g., cyanobacteria) have both photosystem I and photosystem II. Which of the following might this observation imply?photosynthesis with only photosystem I is more ancestral30
623423187Cyclic electron flow may be photoprotective (protective to light-induced damage). Which of the following experiments could provide information on this phenomenon?use mutated organisms that can grow but that cannot carry out cyclic flow of electrons and compare their abilities to photosynthesize in different light intensities against those of wild-type organisms31
623423188Carotenoids are often found in foods that are considered to have antioxidant properties in human nutrition. What related function do they have in plants?they protect against oxidative damage from excessive light energy32
623423189In thylakoids, protons travel through ATP synthase from the thylakoid space to the stroma. Therefore, the catalytic "knobs" of ATP synthase would be locatedon the stromal side of the membrane33
623423190In metabolic processes of cell respiration and photosynthesis, prosthetic groups such as heme and iron-sulfur complexes are encountered in components of the electron transport chain. What do they do?both oxidize and reduce during electron transport34
623423191In a cyanobacterium, the reactions that produce NADPH occur inthe light reactions alone35
623423192The reactions that produce molecular oxygen (O2) take place inthe light reactions alone36
623423193The accumulation of free oxygen in Earth's atmosphere beganwith the origin of cyanobacteria that had both photosystem I and photosystem II37
623423194A flask containing photosynthetic green algae and a control flask containing water with no algae are both placed under a bank of lights, which are set to cycle between 12 hours of light and 12 hours of dark. The dissolved oxygen concentrations in both flasks are monitored. Predict what the relative dissolved oxygen concentrations will be in the flask with algae compared to the control flask.the dissolved oxygen in the flask with algae will be higher in the light, but lower in the dark38
623423195Where do the enzymatic reactions of the Calvin cycle take place?stroma of the chloroplast39
623423196What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide40
623423197In C3 photosynthesis, the reactions that require ATP take place inthe Calvin cycle alone41
623423198In a plant leaf, the reactions that produce NADH occur inneither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle42
623423199The NADPH required for the Calvin cycle comes fromreactions initiated in photosystem I43
623423200Reactions that require CO2 take place inthe Calvin cycle alone44
623423201Which of the following statements best represents the relationships between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle?the light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle, and the cycle returns ADP, i, and NADP+ to the light reactions45
623423202Three "turns" of the Calvin cycle generate a "surplus" molecule of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). Which of the following is a consequence of this?the formation of sucrose and starch in plants involves assembling G3P molecules, with or without further rearrangements.46
623423203In the process of carbon fixation, RuBP attaches a CO2 to produce a six-carbon molecule, which is then split to produce two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. After phosphorylation and reduction produces glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), what more needs to happen to complete the Calvin cycle?regeneration of RuBP47
623423204The pH of the inner thylakoid space has been measured, as have the pH of the stroma and of the cytosol of a particular plant cell. Which, if any, relationship would you expect to find?the pH within the thylakoid is less than that of the stroma48
623423205The phylogenetic distribution of the enzyme rubisco is limited toall known photoautotrophs, both bacterial and eukaryotic49
623423206Photorespiration occurs when rubisco reacts RuBP withO250
623423207In an experiment studying photosynthesis performed during the day, you provide a plant with radioactive carbon (14C) dioxide as a metabolic tracer. The 14C is incorporated first into oxaloacetate. The plant is best characterized as aC4 plant51
623423208Why are C4 plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespirationthey use PEP carboxylase to initially fix CO252
623423209CAM plants keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because theyfix CO2 into organic acids during the night53
623423210Photorespiration lowers the efficiency of photosynthesis by3-phosphoglycerate molecules54
623423211The alternative pathways of photosynthesis using the C4 or CAM systems are said to be compromises. Why?both minimize photorespiration but expend more ATP during carbon fixation55
623423212If plant gene alterations cause the plants to be deficient in photorespiration, what would most probably occur?there would be more light-induced damage to the cells56
623423213Compared to C3 plants, C4 plantscan continue to fix CO2 even at relatively low CO2 concentrations and high oxygen concentrations57
623423214If atmospheric CO2 concentrations increase twofold or more, how will plants be affected, disregarding any changes in climate?C3 plants will have faster growth; C4 plants will be minimally affected58
623423215Plants photosynthesize only in the light. Plants respireboth in light and dark59
623423216Figure 10.1 shows the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis. Why are they different?other pigments absorb light in addition to chlorophyll a60
623423217What wavelength of light in the figure is most effective in driving photosynthesis?420 mm61
623423218Figure 10.2 If ATP used by this plant is labeled with radioactive phosphorus, which molecule or molecules of the Calvin cycle will be radioactively labeled first?B and E only62
623423219If the carbon atom of the incoming CO2 molecule is labeled with a radioactive isotope of carbon, which organic molecules will be radioactively labeled after one cycle?B, C, D, and E63
623423220Which molecule(s) of the Calvin cycle is (are) also found in glycolysis?B, C, D, and 3-phosphoglycerate only64
623423221To identify the molecule that accepts CO2, Calvin and Benson manipulated the carbon-fixation cycle by either cutting off CO2 or cutting off light from cultures of photosynthetic algae. They then measured the concentrations of various metabolites immediately following the manipulation. How would these experiments help identify the CO2 acceptor? Study Figure 10.2 to help you in determining the correct answer.the CO2 acceptor concentration would increase when the CO2 is cut off, but decrease when the light is cut off65
623423222Which of the following statements is true concerning Figure 10.3?it represents cell processes involved in C4 photosynthesis66
623423223Referring to Figure 10.3, oxygen would inhibit the CO2 fixation reactions incell II only67
623423224A gardener is concerned that her greenhouse is getting too hot from too much light, and seeks to shade her plants with colored translucent plastic sheets. What color should she use to reduce overall light energy, but still maximize plant growth?blue68
623423225Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light. What did Engelmann conclude about the congregation of bacteria in the red and blue areas?bacteria congregated in these areas because these areas had the most oxygen being released69
623423226An outcome of Engelmann's experiment was to help determinethe relationship between wavelengths of light and the rate of photosynthesis70
623423227If you ran the Engelmann experiment without passing light through a prism, what would you predictthe bacteria would be relatively evenly distributed along the algal filaments71
623423228A spaceship is designed to support animal life for a multiyear voyage to the outer planets of the solar system. Plants will be grown to provide oxygen and to recycle carbon dioxide. Since the spaceship will be too far from the sun for photosynthesis, an artificial light source will be needed. What wavelengths of light should be used to maximize plant growth with a minimum of energy expenditure?a mixture of blue and red light72
623423229If the power fails and the lights go dark in the ship, what will happen to CO2 levels?CO2 will rise as a result of both animal and plant respiration73
623423230The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle withATP and NADPH74
623423231Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?H2O → NADPH → Calvin cycle75
623423232How is photosynthesis similar in C4 plants and CAM plants?in both cases, rubisco is not used to fix carbon initially76
623423233Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs?autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nourish themselves beginning with CO2 and other nutrients that are inorganic77
623423234Which of the following does not occur during the Calvin cycle?release of oxygen78
623423235In mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar tooxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration79
623423236Which process is most directly driven by light energy?removal of electrons from chlorophyll molecules80

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