biocentric Life centered. Compare anthropocentric. 

Gaia hypothesis Hypothesis that the Earth is alive and can be considered a system that operates and changes by feedback of information between its living and nonliving components. 

Restoration ecology Research and scientific study devoted to restoring, repairing, and reconstructing damaged ecosystems.

spaceship-earth worldview View of the earth as a spaceship: a machine we can understand, control, and change at will by using advanced technology. See planetary management worldview. Compare environmental wisdom worldview.

stewardship View that because of our superior intellect and power or because of our religious beliefs, we have an ethical responsibility to manage and care for domesticated plants and animals and the rest of nature. Compare environmental wisdom worldview, planetary management worldview. 

utilitarian value See instrumental value. 

worldview How people think the world works and what they think their role in the world should be. See environmental wisdom worldview,