Subject:
Chapter 13 * The N + 1 Rule If a signal is split by N equivalent protons, it is split into N + 1 peaks. Chapter 13 Chapter 13 * Equivalent protons do not split each other. Protons bonded to the same carbon will split each other if they are nonequivalent. Protons on adjacent carbons normally will split each other. Protons separated by four or more bonds will not split each other. Spin-spin Splitting Distance Chapter 13 Chapter 13 * Long-Range Coupling When the hydrogen atoms are four bonds or more apart, spin-?spin splitting is not normally observed. When it actually does occur it is called ?long-range coupling.? Chapter 13 * Splitting for Ethyl Groups
