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AP Biology Chapter Outlines & Objectives
Campbell’s Biology,
7th Edition Created by: C. Massengale, Stuttgart School District Chapter Outline:
Chapter Objectives:
The Principles of Energy Harvest
1. In general terms, distinguish between
fermentation and cellular respiration.
2. Write the summary equation for cellular
respiration. Write the specific chemical equation for the degradation of
glucose.
3. Define oxidation and reduction.
4. Explain in general terms how redox reactions
are involved in energy exchanges.
5. Describe the role of NAD+ in cellular
respiration.
6. In general terms, explain the role of the
electron transport chain in cellular respiration.
The Process of Cellular Respiration
7. Name the three stages of cellular respiration
and state the region of the eukaryotic cell where each stage occurs.
8. Describe how the carbon skeleton of glucose
changes as it proceeds through glycolysis.
9. Explain why ATP is required for the
preparatory steps of glycolysis.
10. Identify where substrate-level phosphorylation and the
reduction of NAD+ occur in glycolysis.
11. Describe where pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA, what
molecules are produced, and how this process links glycolysis to the citric
acid cycle.
12. List the products of the citric acid cycle. Explain why
it is called a cycle.
13. Describe the point at which glucose is completely
oxidized during cellular respiration.
14. Distinguish between substrate-level phosphorylation and
oxidative phosphorylation.
15. In general terms, explain how the exergonic “slide” of
electrons down the electron transport chain is coupled to the endergonic
production of ATP by chemiosmosis.
16. Explain where and how the respiratory electron transport
chain creates a proton gradient.
17. Describe the structure and function of the four subunits
of ATP synthase.
18. Summarize the net ATP yield from the oxidation of a
glucose molecule by constructing an ATP ledger.
19. Explain why it is not possible to state an exact number
of ATP molecules generated by the oxidation of glucose.
Related Metabolic Processes
20. State the basic function of fermentation.
21. Compare the fate of pyruvate in alcohol fermentation and
in lactic acid fermentation.
22. Compare the processes of fermentation and cellular
respiration.
23. Describe the evidence that suggests that glycolysis is
an ancient metabolic pathway.
24. Describe how food molecules other than glucose can be
oxidized to make ATP.
25. Explain how glycolysis and the citric acid cycle can
contribute to anabolic pathways.
26. Explain how ATP production is controlled by the cell,
and describe the role that the allosteric enzyme phosphofructokinase plays in
the process.
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