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DNA Cloning
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1.
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Explain how advances in recombinant DNA technology have
helped scientists study the eukaryotic genome.
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2.
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Describe the natural function of restriction enzymes and
explain how they are used in recombinant DNA technology.
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3.
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Explain how the creation of sticky ends by restriction
enzymes is useful in producing a recombinant DNA molecule.
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4.
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Outline the procedures for cloning a eukaryotic gene in a
bacterial plasmid.
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5.
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Describe techniques that allow identification of
recombinant cells that have taken up a gene of interest.
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6.
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Define and distinguish between genomic libraries using
plasmids, phages, and cDNA.
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7.
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Describe the role of an expression vector.
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8.
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Describe two advantages of using yeast cells instead of
bacteria as hosts for cloning or expressing eukaryotic genes.
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9.
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Describe two techniques to introduce recombinant DNA into
eukaryotic cells.
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10.
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Describe the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and explain
the advantages and limitations of this procedure.
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11.
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Explain how gel electrophoresis is used to analyze nucleic
acids and to distinguish between two alleles of a gene.
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12.
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Describe the process of nucleic acid hybridization.
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13.
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Describe the Southern blotting procedure and explain how
it can be used to detect and analyze instances of restriction fragment length
polymorphism (RFLP).
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14.
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Explain how RFLP analysis facilitated the process of
genomic mapping.
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DNA Analysis and Genomics
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15.
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Explain the goals of the Human Genome Project.
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16.
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Explain how linkage mapping, physical mapping, and DNA
sequencing each contributed to the genome mapping project.
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17.
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Describe the alternate approach to whole-genome sequencing
pursued by J. Craig Venter and the Celera Genomics company.
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18.
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Explain how researchers recognize protein-coding genes
within DNA sequences.
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19.
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Describe the surprising results of the Human Genome
Project.
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20.
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Explain how the vertebrate genome, including that of
humans, generates greater diversity than the genomes of invertebrate
organisms.
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21.
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Explain how in vitro mutagenesis and RNA interference help
researchers to discover the functions of some genes.
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22.
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Explain the purposes of gene expression studies. Describe
the use of DNA microarray assays and explain how they facilitate such
studies.
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23.
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Define and compare the fields of proteomics and genomics.
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24.
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Explain the significance of single nucleotide
polymorphisms in the study of the human evolution.
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Practical Applications of DNA Technology
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25.
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Describe how DNA technology can have medical applications
in such areas as the diagnosis of genetic disease, the development of gene
therapy, vaccine production, and the development of pharmaceutical products.
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26.
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Explain how DNA technology is used in the forensic
sciences.
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27.
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Describe how gene manipulation has practical applications
for environmental and agricultural work.
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28.
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Describe how plant genes can be manipulated using the Ti
plasmid carried by Agrobacterium as a vector.
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29.
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Explain how DNA technology can be used to improve the
nutritional value of crops and to develop plants that can produce
pharmaceutical products.
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30.
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Discuss the safety and ethical questions related to
recombinant DNA studies and the biotechnology industry.
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