winfield scott
general
biography
Winfield Scott was born on a plantation near Petersburg, Virginia, on June 13, 1786. For a time he attended the College of William and Mary. He studied law in Petersburg until 1808 when he joined the U.S. Army and recieved a commission a captain of light artillery. He gained fame in the War of 1812 and in the Mexican War.
In the War of 1812 he was made a major general for his heroic services in the battles of Chippewa and Lundy's Lane, and was sent to the Canadian frontier. He led his regiment in the Battle of Queenston Heights on October 13, 1812 in which the American forces were repulsed with heavy losses and Scott was taken prisoner, and exchanged a year later.
In 1832 President Jackson appointed Scott military guardian of federal authority during the nullification controversy in South Carolina. He was also a major influence in 1839 in the pacification of the North American Indian tribe of the Cherokee who refused to give up their eastern lands.
In 1841 Scott was appointed general in chief of the U.S. Army and in 1847 he was appointed commander of the U.S. forces in Mexico. In the Mexican War his victorious march from Veracruz to Mexico City made him a national hero in the United States. He was nominated for the presidency by the Whig party in 1852 but was defeated in the election by Franklin Pierce. In 1855 the rank of lieutenant general was given him by Congress, retroactive to Veracruz.
Scott was frequently called upon to serve his country. At the close of the Black Hawk War he negotiated treaties with the Indians. He removed the Cherokees from the southeastern states to new lands in Oklahoma. In the controversy called the Aroostook War actually a quarrel between the settlers of Maine and New Brunswick over the international boundary line Scott was sent to preserve peace. In a disagreement over the occupation of the island of San Juan, north of Puget Sound, he performed a similar service.
When the Civil War broke out, Scott was general in chief of the army. Then 75 years old, he was not strong physically, and a younger man was needed to ensure continuity of leadership. After planning for the defense of Washington, D.C., Scott laid down his command on Nov. 1, 1861, and was succeeded by George B. McClellan. Scott then visited Europe and wrote his memoirs. He died at West Point, N.Y., on May 29, 1866, and was buried there.
"Old Fuss and Feathers" was the nickname American soldiers gave to Gen. Winfield Scott because of his demand for formality in military dress and behavior.
