president warren gamaliel harding
twenty-ninth president of the
united states
interesting facts
Warren G. Harding, winning his
presidency by a landslide "looked like a
President".
quote
"America's present need is not
heroics, but healing; not nostrums, but normalcy;
not revolution, but restoration; not agitation,
but adjustment; not surgery, but serenity; not the
dramatic, but the dispassionate; not experiment,
but equipoise; not submergence in
internationality, but sustainment in triumphant
nationality...." -
Campaign speech
biography
Harding was born on Nov. 2, 1865,
in the Ohio village of Corsica (now Blooming
Grove) and graduated from Ohio Central College in
1882. After briefly holding several jobs, Harding
and two associates purchased (1884) a newspaper,
the Marion Daily Star. As editor and publisher,
Harding supported the Republican party. The
newspaper prospered, and Harding soon entered
politics. Elected to the Ohio senate in 1898, he
rose to a leadership position by 1901. Ohio
Republican politics of the time were deeply ridden
with factionalism, and Harding earned a reputation
for being able to harmonize conflict. He served as
lieutenant governor from 1904 to 1905. Then,
although he returned to his newspaper full time,
he worked to mediate intraparty disputes. In 1910
he was chosen Republican nominee for governor, a
race that he lost.
In 1914, Harding reentered
politics as a candidate for the U.S. Senate. He
defeated Joseph B. Foraker in the state's first
primary election and became Ohio's first popularly
elected senator (the 17th Amendment now being in
effect). Harding had an unspectacular career in
the Senate. He introduced no bills of national
importance and attempted to cast his votes so as
to avoid alienating any important group of Ohio
constituents. His ability as a harmonizer,
however, drew him into the national leadership of
the Republican party, where he voiced the call for
unity after the Progressive party split of 1912.
At the end of World War I he was a member of the
Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and he gained
some national attention as an opponent of the
League of Nations.
In 1920, Harding ran for president
initially as a favorite son in order to solidify
his position in the Ohio Republican ranks. When a
deadlock developed at the convention between the
supporters of Leonard Wood and Frank O. Lowden,
however, Harding was adopted as the compromise
candidate, winning on the 10th ballot. The
Republican nomination in 1920 was tantamount to
election, as the Democratic party nationally was
suffering from unpopular wartime policies and
developments. Harding easily defeated the
Democratic contender, James M. Cox.
One of his close associates said
of President Harding that his only qualification
for the office was that "He looked like a
president." Harding, however, recognized his own
limitations and made an effort to appoint some
able men to cabinet posts--among them, Charles
Evans Hughes to state, Herbert Hoover to commerce,
and Andrew Mellon to the treasury. The president
initiated little himself, preferring to give
responsibility to his cabinet. This practice
eventually destroyed his reputation.
In foreign policy, the Harding
presidency generally continued the retreat from
assuming responsibility for world politics that
began when the Senate rejected U.S. participation
in the League of Nations in 1920. The president
did encourage disarmament, however, especially in
the Washington Conference of 1921-22, which led to
international agreements to reduce naval forces.
In domestic affairs, Harding favored policies
intended to reduce conflict between organized
labor and business. He encouraged rationalization
of the operation of the federal government with
the development of the Bureau of the Budget and
sought to bolster the national economy with a high
protective tariff. By the time of his death the
economy was recovering from a postwar depression,
although this was not necessarily a result of
federal policies. He sought harmony on the most
divisive popular issue of the time, prohibition,
by supporting the 18th Amendment while refusing to
encourage its active and effective enforcement.
Harding's administration is best
known for the scandals associated with it. The
most famous of these was the Teapot Dome affair,
in which secretary of the interior, Albert B.
Fall, arranged for the private development of
federally owned oil fields in exchange for a
$100,000 bribe. Attorney General Harry Daugherty,
a longtime Harding confidant, was also implicated
in graft, and other corruption came to light in
the Veterans Bureau and the Office of the Alien
Property Custodian.
The president was never directly
implicated in the scandals. Nevertheless, worry
about them weakened his health, already affected
by a heart condition. Returning from a trip to
Alaska, Harding died suddenly of a heart attack on
Aug. 2, 1923.
